Neuroprotective effect of astrocyte-derived IL-33 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Neuroprotective effect of astrocyte-derived IL-33 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury Mengya Jiao1†, Xiangyong Li2†, Liying Chen3,4, Xiaodi Wang3,4, Baohong Yuan4, Tao Liu3, Qun Dong4, Hanfang Mei1,3* and Hui Yin3,4*
Abstract Background: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a well-recognized pleiotropic cytokine which plays crucial roles in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. Recent studies suggest that IL-33 and its receptor ST2 are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Here, we explore the effect of IL-33/ST2 signaling in neonatal hypoxicischemic (HI) brain injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: The brain HI model was established in neonatal C57BL/6 mice by left common carotid artery occlusion with 90 min hypoxia and treated with IL-33 at a dose of 0.2 μg/day i.p. for 3 days. TTC staining and neurobehavioral observation were used to evaluate the HI brain injury. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were applied to determine the expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 on brain CNS cells and cell proliferation and apoptosis. OGD experiment was used to assay the viability of astrocytes and neurons. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of neurotrophic factor-associated genes. Results: The expression level of IL-33 was markedly enhanced in astrocytes 24 h after cerebral HI in neonatal mice. Exogenous delivery of IL-33 significantly alleviated brain injury 7 days after HI, whereas ST2 deficiency exacerbated brain infarction and neurological deficits post HI. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated high levels of ST2 expression on astrocytes, and the expression of ST2 was further elevated after HI. Intriguingly, IL-33 treatment apparently improved astrocyte response and attenuated HI-induced astrocyte apoptosis through ST2 signaling pathways. Further in vitro studies revealed that IL-33-activated astrocytes released a series of neurotrophic factors, which are critical for raising neuronal survival against oxygen glucose deprivation. Conclusions: The activation of IL-33/ST2 signaling in the ischemic brain improves astrocyte response, which in turn affords protection to ischemic neurons in a glial-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent manner. Keywords: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, IL-33, ST2, Astrocytes, Neuroprotection
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Mengya Jiao and Xiangyong Li contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author
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