Neutron activation analysis in the life sciences
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utron Activation Analysis in the Life Sciences M. V. Frontasyeva Neutron Activation Analysis Sector, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow oblast, Russia email: [email protected] Abstract—Development of methods for instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and their applica tions in the life sciences are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on epithermal activation with reactor neutrons (ENAA), and the advantages of this technique in analysis of environmental objects are shown. The results of applied INAA studies in the field of the life sciences carried out at the world’s leading nuclear centers are reported. Experience in employing a radioanalytical complex at the IBR2 reactor (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna) for such studies is summarized. “At present physics has two very important tasks: care for people’s health and care for the environment. All over the world, physics is being reoriented to meet these objectives.” Vladimir Trukhin, dean, Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Moskovskii Komsomolets, April 20 (2005) DOI: 10.1134/S1063779611020043
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES ACTIVATION ANALYSIS: DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF REACTOR ENAA REVIEW OF METHODOLOGICAL WORKS ON ENAA METHODOLOGICAL NAA STUDIES AT THE IBR2 AND IBR2M REACTORS ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND METROLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF NAA ENAA APPLICATIONS AT THE IBR2 REACTOR (FLNP, JINR) FOR PURPOSES OF THE LIFE SCIENCES Atmospheric Air Monitoring with Aerosol Filters Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements Passive Biomonitoring Active Biomonitoring
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Determination of Halogen Content of Mosses and Soils Quality and Safety of Foodstuffs Monitoring of Harmful Factors at Workplaces and Personnel Health Use of INAA for Assessing Negative Effect of Toxic Elements on Soil, Bottom Sediment, and Aquatic Biota ENAA in Biotechnology of New Pharmaceuticals and Sorbents NAA in Biotechnology for Extraction of Metals from Ores with a Low Content of Chemical Elements, Rocks, and Production Waste CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION Recently, investigations in ecology, biology, bio technology, medicine, etc., have spontaneously united into a single research field, commonly called the life sciences. Accumulation of scientific information in various biosphere research areas has led to the neces sity of summarizing this information and devising a unified approach to assessment of the role played by chemical elements in biological processes [1–3]. 332
NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES
This review considers the contribution of a cur rently important nuclearphysics technique, reactor neutron activation analysis, to solution of the major problems in the studies of the chemical composition of objects in the biosphere with a view to understanding the role of various elements in
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