Neutron Stars 1
The book gives an extended review of theoretical and observational aspects of neutron star physics. With masses comparable to that of the Sun and radii of about ten kilometres, neutron stars are the densest stars in the Universe. This book describes all l
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 326
Editorial Board: F. Bertola, University of Padua, Italy; J.P. Cassinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; C.J. Cesarsky, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany; P. Ehrenfreund, Leiden University, The Netherlands; O. Engvold, University of Oslo, Norway; A. Heck, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France; E.P.J. van den Heuvel, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; V.M. Kaspi, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; J.M.E. Kuijpers, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands; H. van der Laan, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P.G. Murdin, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK; F. Pacini, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy; V. Radhakrishnan, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India; B.V. Somov, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia; R.A. Sunyaev, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
P. Haensel, A.Y. Potekhin, and D.G. Yakovlev
Neutron Stars 1 Equation of State and Structure
P. Haensel Nicholaus Copernicus Astronomical Center Bartycka 18 Warszawa 00-716 POLAND [email protected]
A.Y. Potekhin Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Polytekhnicheskaya 26 St. Petersburg 194021 RUSSIA [email protected]
D.G. Yakovlev Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Polytekhnicheskaya 26 St. Petersburg 194021 RUSSIA [email protected]
Cover illustration: The background is an image of the Crab Nebula -- the remnant of a star that exploded as a supernova in 1054. The Crab Pulsar is at the center of a shining whirl of the central coccoon. This image is a courtesy of NASA, Hubble Space Telescope/Chandra galleries (http://www.skyimagelab. com/m1chacrabne.html). Library of Congress Control Number: 2006923828 ISBN-10: 0-387-33543-9 ISBN-13: 978-0-387-33543-8
e-ISBN-10: 0-387-47301-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-47301-7
Printed on acid-free paper. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
xix
INTRODUCTION
xxi
1. OVERVIEW 1.1 Neutron stars 1.2 History: from prediction to discovery 1.3 Internal structure and processes – Theoretical outlook 1.3.1 Structure 1.3.2 The main mystery: The equation of state in neutron star cores 1.3.3 Neutron star models 1.3.4 Superfluidity 1.3.5 Neutrino processes 1.3.6 Thermodynamics and kinetic
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