New approach of friction AlN ceramics metallization with the initial FEM verification
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(2020) 20:90
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
New approach of friction AlN ceramics metallization with the initial FEM verification Robert Cacko1 · Tomasz Chmielewski1 · Michał Hudycz1 · Dariusz Golański1 Received: 12 February 2020 / Revised: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Although, the friction method is well known for metals surface modification, the novelty of the article is based on the new idea of ceramics surface treatment with metal. The paper describes AlN ceramic metallization process by titanium coating deposition, obtained in friction surfacing method, which has been developed by the authors. The friction energy is directly transformed into heat and delivered in a specified amount precisely to the joint being formed between the metallic layer and the ceramics substrate material. The stress and temperature fields (as factors promoting the formation of diffusion joints) induced in the joint during the metallization process were qualitatively determined with the finite element method analysis and these results were verified experimentally. Finally, obtained structures of the metallic coatings were investigated and the results are discussed in the paper. As a novelty it was found, that the conditions of frictional metallization can favour the formation of a coating-substrate bond based on diffusion phenomena and atomic bonds of the coating components with the components of the substrate, despite the fact that it happens for metal–ceramics pairs. This type of connection is usually associated with long-term heating/annealing in chamber furnaces, because for diffusion in a solid state the most effective factor is time and temperature. It was shown that other components of the chemical potential gradient, such as temperature gradient, gradient and stress level, load periodicity and configuration of pairs of elements with high chemical affinity may play an important role in friction metallization. As a result, the relatively short time of operation (friction) is compensated. Keywords AlN ceramics · Metallization · Ceramic–metal joints · Finite element modeling · Friction surfacing
1 Introduction In recent years, a progress in the development of advanced surface modification processes can be clearly seen. It mainly concerns metals, when traditional welding methods can be applied [1, 2] or more advanced in-situ concepts [3, 4], but it became also important in the field of ceramic materials [5–8]. Still growing demand for ceramic–metallic coupling has inspired searching for new, efficient methods, enabling joining of various types of ceramics with metals. The application of ceramic materials in advanced industrial products often requires a metal/ceramic merging. The surface of the ceramics modification by metallization is a method to combine the essentially different properties of these materials. Barlak et al. [9, 10] examined ion implantation as a * Robert Cacko [email protected] 1
Institute of Manufacturing Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85 str., 02‑524
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