New Challenges: From Physics to Medicine
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Challenges: From Physics to Medicine V. P. Glazkova, V. A. Somenkova, E. S. Kovalenkoa, and P. A. Borisovaa,* a
National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received November 1, 2017
Abstract—The current state of neutron research at the IR-8 reactor is considered and it is shown that the research is focused on two main avenues: comprehensive radiation diagnostics for the sake of those knowledge domains which have not used it before and research of the structure of material under extreme conditions (high pressures, strong magnetic fields, and irradiation). Case studies are given in the areas of materials technology, geology, paleontology, archaeology, and medicine, as well as studies of materials under thermobaric impact and self-radiation. The possibilities of a combination of different experimental techniques are discussed. Keywords: IR-8 reactor, experimental research DOI: 10.1134/S1063778818080094
An idea of introducing natural scientific methods into those knowledge domains which have not used them before, espoused by the president of the Kurchatov Institute M.V. Kovalchuk, fully refers to penetrating radiation sources, accelerators, and reactors, which from the very beginning were developed as multipurpose installations. In this regard, studies that are currently under way at the IR-8 reactor are focused on two main trends: the first is comprehensive X-ray, neutron, and gamma-ray diagnostics for the study of the composition and structure of objects for the sake of various knowledge domains (materials technology, geology, archaeology and museum value, paleontology, and medicine), and the second is research of the material structure and phase transitions under extreme conditions (temperature, pressure, irradiation, and strong magnetic fields) for both conventional and for new systems of interest, such as nanoscale carbon, photonic crystals, high-pressure hydrides, and fissile alloys. Accordingly, the equipment for such kind of research is developing as well. A feature research at the IR-8 is its integrated nature [1–7]. Using the set of techniques available at the reactor (micro and macro diffraction, neutronradiation analysis, ultra-small-angle spectroscopy, and various types of introscopy, radiography, and tomography), we obtain substantial information on the composition, structure, and structural flaws of objects. For this purpose, various types of reactor radiation (white, filtered, monochromatic, different energies) are used, and, if necessary, the capabilities of the Kurchatov Institute’s synchrotron are engaged as well. Some of the experiments carried out are briefly described below.
INVESTIGATION OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS AND OBJECTS BY NEUTRON INTROSCOPY Materials Technology Investigations of the structure and structural flaws in poly- and monocrystal superconductors and superconducting targets were carried out. Various types of flaws were detected, in particular, inclusions in superconducting targets (Fig. 1), which are essential for testi
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