New, Effective and Reusable Polymeric Heterogeneous Catalysts for Poly(urethane) Production
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
New, Effective and Reusable Polymeric Heterogeneous Catalysts for Poly(urethane) Production Hidayet Mazi1 · Yasin Esen1 Received: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Polyurethane (PU) is one of the most important plastics in the world plastic industry. Industrial production of PU is generally carried out by bulk or solution polymerization with homogeneous catalysts. Poly(2-diethylamino ethylacrylate) (P(DEAEA)) and poly(2-diethylamino ethylacrylate-co-2-hydroxy ethylmethacrylate) (P(DEAEA-co-HEMA)) gels were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The swelling behavior of the synthesized gels in toluene at 25 °C was examined. Subsequently, the catalytic effects of these catalysts on the synthesis of (PU) by both bulk and solution polymerizations were investigated. Optimum particle diameter and catalyst amount were determined for catalysts used in PU synthesis reaction. Both gels were found to be more effective in the PU synthesis reaction than triethylamine (TEA), which is currently used commercially. In addition, it was found that the gels retained 95% of their efficiency, despite being reused 30 times in the PU synthesis reaction. Finally, the kinetics of PU synthesis reactions with catalysts were studied. Keywords Heterogeneous catalyst · Polyurethane · Triethylamine · Diethylamino ethylacrylate · 2-Hydroxy ethylmethacrylate
1 Introduction The use of homogeneous catalysis in industrial applications has limited due to difficulty of the catalyst separation, recovery, recycling and high operation costs [1, 2]. These difficulties can be overcome by using the heterogeneous catalyst. Because the removing of the heterogeneous catalyst from the reaction medium is extremely simple and inexpensive. In addition, the production cost is considerably reduced by recycling of the heterogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in many important industrial applications such as hydrogenations, synthesis of ammonia and ethylene oxidation [3–6] because of simplifying the separation and purification steps. The only disadvantage of the heterogeneous catalyst is the low effective surface area. While almost all molecules are active in the homogeneous catalyst, only surface molecules play an active role in the heterogeneous catalyst. As the active surface area is increased in heterogeneous catalysis, this disadvantage will be eliminated. * Hidayet Mazi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27100 Gaziantep, Turkey
Polyurethane (PU) is one of the most important products of the polymer industry and accounts for about 7% of the world plastic market [7, 8]. PU has excellent properties such as chemical stability, high elasticity, corrosion resistance, ease of modifications, high drug loading efficiency and high gloss [9–12]. It is also biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic and support cell adhesion and proliferation of human cells [13]. Because of al
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