New Light on Dark Stars Red Dwarfs, Low-Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs

There has been very considerable progress in research into low-mass stars, brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets during the past few years, particularly since the fist edtion of this book was published in 2000. In this new edtion the authors present a compr

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Red Dwarfs, Low-Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs

I. Neill Reid and Suzanne L. Hawley

New Light on Dark Stars Red Dwarfs, Low-Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs

Published in association with

Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK

Dr I. Neill Reid Space Telescope Science Institute Baltimore Maryland USA

Professor Suzanne L. Hawley Professor, Department of Astronomy University of Washington Seattle USA

SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

ISBN 3-540-25124-3 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springeronline.com) Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra®e; detailed bibliographic data are available from the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de Library of Congress Control Number: 2005924587 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper

In memory of Iain D. Reid and Elizabeth N. Reid

Contents

Preface to the second edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xv

Preface to the ®rst edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xvii

List of ®gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xxi

List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xxxi

Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii 1

Astronomical concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The electromagnetic spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Positional astronomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Co-ordinate systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2 Stellar astrometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Stellar kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Telescopes and detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1 Telescopes . . . . . . . . . . . .