New Record of Charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) from Socotra Island, Indian Ocean, Yemen
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New Record of Charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) from Socotra Island, Indian Ocean, Yemen Abdelfattah A. Zalat 1 & Mohammed A. AL-Wosabi 2 & Mostafa M. El-Sheekh 3 & Abdel Kareem A. Al-Subbary 2 Received: 9 April 2019 / Revised: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The charophyte flora from Socotra Island, Indian Ocean, studied for the first time from streams waterbodies that distributed at the northern part of the Island. The recognized charophyte taxa were taxonomically investigated, and four dominant species belonging to family Characeae are identified as Chara braunii, C. globularis, C. hispida and Lamprothamnium papulosum. These taxa are reported as a new record for algal flora of Socotra Island. A brief account of the environment where the charophytes were found is provided, as a first evaluation of the ecological requirements of Indian charophytes. A taxonomically diverse of charophyte assemblage and ecological variables explain abiotic features of biotope as shallow (max 1.3 m), alkaline fresh (pH 7.5–8.4), slightly saline, and moderate eutrophic. Keywords Biodiversity . Hydrochemistry . Charophytes . Socotra Island . Indian Ocean . Yemen
Introduction Charophytes are a particular group of submerged benthic green macroalgae that attaches to substrate by rhizoids. These aquatic, branched algae are characterized by welldeveloped thallus, complex morphology, and reproductive organs (Soulie-Märche 2008). They are ancient monophyletic groups, which are widely distributed in limnic sediments through geologic time since Silurian period and commonly known as stoneworts (McCourt et al. 1996; Feist and Feist 1997; Meiers et al. 1999). They are common in all types of inland waters from lentic fresh to brackish conditions and hypersaline waters worldwide and can form large meadows in all types of continental waters (Pełechaty et al. 2006; Soulie-Märche 2008). They are sensitive to many ecological variables, and so they are very significant in paleolimnological and paleoclimatic reconstruction, especially in arid or semiarid regions (Zalat 1996; García and Chivas 2006; Soulié* Mostafa M. El-Sheekh [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
2
Faculty of Earth Science and Environment, Geology Department, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Märsche et al. 2008). They can provide information about several environmental factors such as water depth, salinity, water temperature, light, altitude, and chemistry of lakes. These factors have a considerable impact on the distribution of Charophytes (Gąbka et al. 2007; Boszke and Bociąg 2008) and can help reconstruct abrupt climate events (SouliéMärsche 1993). They prefer shallow water, where the majority of their taxa were found above 4 m depth. Furthermore, Charophytes are characterized by the capacity of the female fructifications to calcify, and through intracellular biomineralizati
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