Next-generation des-r-carboxy prothrombin for immunohistochemical assessment of vascular invasion by hepatocellular carc
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Next-generation des-r-carboxy prothrombin for immunohistochemical assessment of vascular invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma Shintaro Yamazaki1* , Tadatoshi Takayama1, Tomoharu Kurokawa1, Naoaki Shimamoto1, Yusuke Mitsuka1, Nao Yoshida1, Tokio Higaki1 and Masahiko Sugitani2
Abstract Background: We have previously shown the value of next-generation des-r-carboxy prothrombin (NX-DCP) for predicting vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since conventional DCP is inaccurate under some conditions, this study aimed to assess whether NX-DCP immunohistochemical staining was related to vascular invasion in HCC. Methods: Fifty-six patients scheduled to undergo resection for single HCC were divided into two groups, with and without pathological portal vein invasion. Immunohistochemical features of HCC and sites of vascular invasion were assessed using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), conventional DCP, and NX-DCP. Results: Pathological portal vein invasion was absent in 43 patients and present in 13 patients. Patient characteristics, pathological background of the liver parenchyma, and tumor-related factors did not differ significantly between the groups. There was no significant difference in the serum AFP level between the groups, whereas levels of conventional DCP (p < 0.0001) and NX-DCP (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the vascular invasion group. Immunohistochemical staining showed no significant difference in the staining rate of tumor (67.9% vs. 80.7%, p = 0.08), but NX-DCP stained significantly more at the sites of vascular invasion (15.4% vs. 46.2%, p = 0.01) than conventional DCP. No vascular invasion was stained by AFP. Conclusions: NX-DCP offers better sensitivity for detecting sites of vascular invasion than AFP and conventional DCP. Keywords: Des-r-carboxy prothrombin, Alpha-fetoprotein, Vascular invasion, Hepatocellular carcinoma
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Departments of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain
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