Nexus between sustainable entrepreneurship and environmental pollution: evidence from developing economy
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Nexus between sustainable entrepreneurship and environmental pollution: evidence from developing economy Nadeem Iqbal 1 & Arman Khan 2 & Abdul Saboor Gill 3 & Qaiser Abbas 4 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Today, society is seeking solutions to achieve sustainable development, through association between entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainable development has become a topic of great apprehension. In this perspective, this article aims to link environmental responsive entrepreneurship with sustainable development through empirical evidences from developing country. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to validate the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis to confirm the achievement of sustainable development goals in Pakistan. We use the combined mean estimator of the autoregressive distribution lag model and GMM model to determine the long-term relationship between the variables and analyze the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. We found U-shaped environmental Kuznets curves in Pakistan. Further results show long-term relationship using the PMG-ARDL estimator. Our findings indicate the presence of EKC, U-shaped EKC. This means that at a certain level of economic growth, a 1% increase in per capita income can lead to reductions in environmental pollution by 2.88%, 4.54%, and 2.48%. Therefore, governments and policy makers should strengthen policies to reduce environmental pollution and, more importantly, formulate green financing policies to encourage aspiring environmental entrepreneurs to establish environmentally driven enterprises, promote the use of environmental products to reduce environmental problems, and achieve sustainable development in Pakistan. Keywords Environmental entrepreneurship . Sustainable development . Environmental pollution . Environmental Kuznets curve
Introduction Responsible Editor: Nicholas Apergis * Nadeem Iqbal [email protected] Arman Khan [email protected] Abdul Saboor Gill [email protected] Qaiser Abbas [email protected] 1
Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, D.G., Khan, Pakistan
2
Department of Business Administration, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Economics, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi D. G. Khan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
4
Department of Economics, Ghazi University, D.G. Khan, Pakistan
Entrepreneurship is considered basic element as a driver of innovation, job creation, and growth. Conversely, the origin of entrepreneurial behavior has not been fully understood. Individual preferences, abilities, education, and financial resources are all potential determinants of entrepreneurial propensity. Recently, the impact of universities, organizations, or communities has also been studied. Although the impact of each scenario is convincingly documented, they are partly due to the reasons for choosing individuals to enter such environments based on their abilities
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