Ni/SnO 2 xerogels via epoxide chemistry: potential candidate for H 2 S gas sensing application
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Ni/SnO2 xerogels via epoxide chemistry: potential candidate for H2S gas sensing application N. L. Myadam1,2 · D. Y. Nadargi3 · J. D. Nadargi4 · V. R. Kudkyal5 · F. I. Shaikh6 · I. S. Mulla7 · S. S. Suryavanshi3 · M. G. Chaskar1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We report a versatile epoxide assisted synthesis route of developing Ni/SnO2 xerogels and their use as efficient H 2S gas sensors. Instead of expensive, non-aqueous and complicated organometallic precursors, epoxide route utilizes easy to handle salts as precursors (tin and nickel nitrates, in the present case) and epoxide (propylene oxide, in the present case) as a gelation agent. The obtained Ni/SnO2 xerogels with 1–4 mol% Ni doping, were analyzed using various physico-chemical techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, TEM/HRTEM, EDAX, UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The developed nanomaterials showcase excellent physico-chemical as well as H 2S gas sensing properties. Amongst the Ni doped S nO2 xerogels, 3 mol% Ni/SnO2 exhibited enhanced H 2S response (from Ra/Rg value 5 to 11.5), and reduction in the operating temperature (from 325 to 275 °C). It showed a quick response of ~ 15 s and recovery within ~ 30 s. Almost 80.50% of its original efficiency after 60 days of shelf life, was exhibited with high stability. The developed route of Ni/SnO2 xerogels proved its design for efficient H2S gas sensing, and have considerable potential for industrial use. Keywords Epoxide assisted gelation · Xerogels · Ni/SnO2 · Gas sensor · H2S
1 Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-020-00970-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * D. Y. Nadargi [email protected] * M. G. Chaskar [email protected] 1
P.D.E.A’s Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune, M.S. 411027, India
2
P.D.E.A’s Anantrao Pawar College, Pirangut, Pune, M.S. 412115, India
3
School of Physical Sciences, PAH Solapur University, Solapur, M.S. 413255, India
4
Centre for Research and Technology Developments, N. B. Navale Sinhgad College of Engineering Solapur, Solapur, M.S. 413255, India
5
Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur, M.S. 413005, India
6
Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, M.S. 431004, India
7
Former Emeritus Scientist (CSIR), Pune, India
The new scientific developments have transferred the human life to more comfort and amenities. However, the other side of the coin is: enormously increasing environmental pollution in the form of water, land and air. The industrial practices are raising the bar of toxic effluents day-by-day. Monitoring the hazardous gasses in the atmosphere is becoming more and more difficult, which gives a call to the need of multifunctional gas sensing materials. To solve the issues, research community is actively engaged to develop the better nanomaterials, using varieties of synthesis routes. Traditionally, sol–gel route offers the unique strategy to de
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