Nickel Content in Human Internal Organs
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Nickel Content in Human Internal Organs Danuta Dudek-Adamska 1
&
Teresa Lech 2 & Tomasz Konopka 3 & Paweł Kościelniak 1
Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract With the growing interest in new applications of metals in modern technologies, an increase in their concentration in the environment can be observed, which, in consequence, may constitute a hazard to human health. That is why it is of a great importance to establish “reference” levels of particular elements (essential or toxic) in human biological samples. The aim of this paper was to determine nickel in autopsy tissues of non-occupationally exposed subjects in Southern Poland (n = 60). Measurements were performed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion according to previously optimized and validated procedure. The results obtained indicate that data cover the wide range of concentrations and generally are consistent with other published findings. Nickel levels in the brain, stomach, liver, kidneys, lungs and heart (wet weight) were between 2.15–79.4 ng/g, 0.5–44.2 ng/g,7.85–519 ng/g, 12.8–725 ng/g, 8.47–333 ng/ g and 2.3–97.7 ng/g, respectively. Females had generally lower levels of nickel in tissues than males (statistically significant relationships were found for the liver, kidneys and lungs), and median nickel concentrations in all studied material within all age groups had very similar values, with the exception of stomach. Keywords Nickel content . Human organs . Post-mortem material . ETAAS
Introduction Pollution by nickel (Ni) is ubiquitous. This is due to its natural abundance in the Earth’s crust (the 24th most naturally abundant element) and human activity [1, 2]. Nickel has an ever increasing number of applications in modern technologies. Its compounds are released into the
* Danuta Dudek-Adamska [email protected] Teresa Lech [email protected] Tomasz Konopka [email protected] Paweł Kościelniak [email protected] 1
Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
2
Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31-033 Kraków, Poland
3
Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 6, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
environment at all stages of production and utilization and may constitute a hazard to human health [2, 3]. It has been proven that contact with nickel compounds (both soluble and insoluble) can lead to many pathological effects [2, 4], among which allergy in the form of contact dermatitis (estimated in 10–20% of the general population) is the most common and known reaction of the human body to nickel [2, 5, 6]. In addition, pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory tract cancer, iatrogenic intoxication, liver damage and cardiovascular and kidney diseases [1, 2, 7] have also been observed and may be considered as the consequence of selective deposition of nickel in the lungs, heart, diaphragm, brain an
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