Nicorandil
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Drugs 2000 Oct; 60 (4): 955-974 0012-6667/00/0010-0955/$25.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved.
Nicorandil An Updated Review of its Use in Ischaemic Heart Disease with Emphasis on its Cardioprotective Effects Anthony Markham, Greg L. Plosker and Karen L. Goa Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: N. Dunn, Drug Safety Research Unit, Bursledon Hall, Bursledon, Southampton, England; H. Fujiwara, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; G. J. Gross, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; H. Kambara, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan; S. T. O’Rourke, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA; S. Saito, Cardiology Division of 2nd Department Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; S. Sen, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Abteiling II, Stadtische Klinken Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany; M. Yokota, Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. Data Selection Sources: Medical literature published in any language since 1992 on Nicorandil, identified using Medline and EMBASE, supplemented by AdisBase (a proprietary database of Adis International, Auckland, New Zealand). Additional references were identified from the reference lists of published articles. Bibliographical information, including contributory unpublished data, was also requested from the company developing the drug. Search strategy: Medline search terms were ‘Nicorandil’ or ‘SG-75’. EMBASE search terms were ‘Nicorandil’ or ‘SG-75’. AdisBase search terms were ‘Nicorandil’ or ‘SG 75’. Searches were last updated 12 Sep 2000. Selection: Studies in patients with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction who received nicorandil. Inclusion of studies was based mainly on the methods section of the trials. When available, large, well controlled trials with appropriate statistical methodology were preferred. Relevant pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data are also included. Index terms: nicorandil, angina pectoris, cardioprotection, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use.
Contents Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Pharmacological Profile . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties . . 2.1.1 Mechanism of Action . . . . 2.1.2 Haemodynamic Effects . . 2.1.3 Cardioprotective Effects . . 2.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties . . . . 2.2.1 Absorption and Distribution 2.2.2 Metabolism and Elimination 2.2.3 In Special Populations . . . 3. Therapeutic Efficacy . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Stable Angina Pectoris . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Compared with Nitrates . .
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