Nobiletin as a Molecule for Formulation Development: An Overview of Advanced Formulation and Nanotechnology-Based Strate
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Review Article Theme: Formulation and Delivery of Natural Products Guest Editors: Harsh Chauhan, Abhijit Date and Sonali Dhindwal
Nobiletin as a Molecule for Formulation Development: An Overview of Advanced Formulation and Nanotechnology-Based Strategies of Nobiletin Siddharth S. Kesharwani,1,5 Pooja Mallya,2 Vadikari Arun Kumar,2 Vikas Jain,2 Swagat Sharma,3 and Surajit Dey4
Received 3 May 2020; accepted 16 July 2020 Abstract.
Approximately 40% of compounds in clinical drug development suffer from solubility and bioavailability challenges. Evidence from literature demonstrates the growing interest to utilize flavonoids as potential compounds owing to their widespread therapeutic utility in various ailments. Nobiletin (NOB), one such dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has multiple pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. It is useful in cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. Although preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic utility of NOB, it suffers from serious biopharmaceutical limitations such as low aqueous solubility (below 1 μg/ml), poor permeability across biological barriers, and low bioavailability. To overcome these biopharmaceutical challenges associated with NOB, the use of advanced formulations and nanotechnology-based strategies appears to be a promising approach to potentiate its therapeutic action. Multiple reviews cover the various therapeutic benefits of NOB in various diseases; however, there is an absence of a comprehensive review that focuses on the formulation development strategies of NOB. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise perspective on NOB as a candidate molecule for formulation development. The manuscript covers various aspects related to NOB, such as its chemistry, physicochemical properties, and pharmacological effects. This is also a thorough review of various formulation development strategies with advances made in the past years to improve the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of NOB. The review also contains information related to toxicity and patents involving NOB and its formulation.
KEY WORDS: nobiletin; formulation development; solubility increase; bioavailability enhancement; and nanotechnology.
INTRODUCTION The development of advanced combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, and cell-based assays has enabled the discovery and development of a large number of novel drug candidates (1). However, major issues of poor aqueous Guest Editors: Harsh Chauhan, Abhijit Date and Sonali Dhindwal 1
College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10920 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, Utah 84095, USA. 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India. 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska 68198, Omaha, USA. 4 College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 11
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