Non-coding RNAS and colorectal cancer liver metastasis
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Non‑coding RNAS and colorectal cancer liver metastasis Xiao‑Yu Zhou1 · Bing Luo1 · Ze‑Kun Jiang1 · Ying‑Kang Xie1 · Feng‑Cong Wu1 · Jiong‑Qiang Huang1 · Jing‑Song Chen1 Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract More than 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths are attributed to metastasis, and the liver is the most common distant metastatic site of CRC. The molecular mechanisms underlying CRC liver metastasis are very complicated and remain largely unknown. Accumulated evidence has shown that non-coding RNAs (NcRNAs) play critical roles in tumor development and progression. Here we reviewed the roles and underlying mechanisms of NcRNAs in CRC liver metastasis. Keywords Non-coding RNAs · Colorectal cancer · Liver metastasis · MicroRNAs · Circular RNAs · Long non-coding RNA
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. CRC is the third most common cancer around the world, with an estimated incidence of more than 1.2 million new cases worldwide and 608,000 deaths per year [1]. About 15% of CRC patients are defined as metastatic stage (stage IV) at the time of diagnosis, losing the optimal time for treatment. Furthermore, approximately 50% of all CRC patients will finally develop metastasis to any part of the body, including liver, lung and bone [2]. Metastasis involves complex and multiple sequential steps, one of the most important features of cancer progression is the increased invasion and proliferation of cancer cells. Metastatic cancer is currently a major challenge in cancer treatment, and there are no major advances for the treatment of metastatic cancer. However, hepatic resection offers the best available treatment chance of long-term survival for CRC liver metastasis [3]. The primary cause of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) treatment failure is local or distant recurrence, and in the case of hepatic resection with curative intent, approximately more than 80% of patients develop liver recurrence within 2 years [4]. Recently, the * Jing‑Song Chen [email protected] 1
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, People’s Republic of China
target therapy and development of new chemotherapeutic drugs have improved the clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic CRC. However, the median overall survival for patients with metastatic disease remains low [5]. The molecular mechanisms underlying CRC liver metastasis are very complicated and remain largely unknown. Insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC liver metastasis might help to find the novel therapeutic targets and consequently improve the prognosis of the patients with CRC liver metastasis. NcRNAs include MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), circular RNAs (CircRNAs) and long non-coding RNA (LncRNAs). NcRNAs are novel molecular regulators of metastatic development and have a significant effect on cancer biology. NcRNAs are not on
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