Nonequilibrium Green's Functions Approach to Inhomogeneous Systems

This research monograph provides a pedagogical and self-contained introduction to non-equilibrium quantum particle dynamics for inhomogeneous systems, including a survey of recent breakthroughs pioneered by the authors and other groups. The theoretical ap

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Founding Editors W. Beiglböck J. Ehlers K. Hepp H. Weidenmüller Editorial Board B.-G. Englert, Singapore, Singapore U. Frisch, Nice, France P. Hänggi, Augsburg, Germany W. Hillebrandt, Garching, Germany M. Hjort-Jensen, Oslo, Norway R. A. L. Jones, Sheffield, UK H. von Löhneysen, Karlsruhe, Germany M. S. Longair, Cambridge, UK M. L. Mangano, Geneva, Switzerland J.-F. Pinton, Lyon, France J.-M. Raimond, Paris, France A. Rubio, Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain M. Salmhofer, Heidelberg, Germany D. Sornette, Zurich, Switzerland S. Theisen, Potsdam, Germany D. Vollhardt, Augsburg, Germany W. Weise, Garching, Germany

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The Lecture Notes in Physics The series Lecture Notes in Physics (LNP), founded in 1969, reports new developments in physics research and teaching—quickly and informally, but with a high quality and the explicit aim to summarize and communicate current knowledge in an accessible way. Books published in this series are conceived as bridging material between advanced graduate textbooks and the forefront of research and to serve three purposes: • to be a compact and modern up-to-date source of reference on a well-defined topic • to serve as an accessible introduction to the field to postgraduate students and nonspecialist researchers from related areas • to be a source of advanced teaching material for specialized seminars, courses and schools Both monographs and multi-author volumes will be considered for publication. Edited volumes should, however, consist of a very limited number of contributions only. Proceedings will not be considered for LNP. Volumes published in LNP are disseminated both in print and in electronic formats, the electronic archive being available at springerlink.com. The series content is indexed, abstracted and referenced by many abstracting and information services, bibliographic networks, subscription agencies, library networks, and consortia. Proposals should be sent to a member of the Editorial Board, or directly to the managing editor at Springer: Christian Caron Springer Heidelberg Physics Editorial Department I Tiergartenstrasse 17 69121 Heidelberg/Germany [email protected]

Karsten Balzer r Michael Bonitz

Nonequilibrium Green’s Functions Approach to Inhomogeneous Systems

Karsten Balzer Max Planck Research Department for Structural Dynamics University of Hamburg, CFEL Hamburg Germany

Michael Bonitz Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik University of Kiel Kiel Germany

ISSN 0075-8450 ISSN 1616-6361 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Physics ISBN 978-3-642-35081-8 ISBN 978-3-642-35082-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35082-5 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012955345 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms