Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories
This book deals with the physics of cosmic ray diffusion theory, focusing on the physics of nonlinear transport of cosmic rays through turbulent interplanetary or interstellar plasma. The author discusses fundamental processes such as cosmic ray propagati
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362
Andreas Shalchi
Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories
123
Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories
Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) F. BERTOLA, University of Padua, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, ¨ Germany P. EHRENFREUND, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. ENGVOLD, University of Oslo, Norway A. HECK, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V. M. KASPI, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J. M. E. KUIJPERS, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories
by
Andreas Shalchi
123
Andreas Shalchi Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik IV Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
Cover image: Credit by NASA/CXC/Rutgers/J. Warren & J. Hughes et al. c
by A. Shalchi
ISSN: 0067-0057 ISBN: 978-3-642-00308-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00309-7
e-ISBN: 978-3-642-00309-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926026 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 Springer is part of Springer Science Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with a large-scale magnetic field such as the magnetic field of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic field. As these background fields are usually nearly constant in time and space, they can be approximated by a homogeneous field. If there are no additional fields, the particle trajectory is a perfect helix along which the pa
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