Nonlinear Internal Waves in Lakes

Internal wave dynamics in lakes (and oceans) is an important physical component of geophysical fluid mechanics of ‘quiescent’ water bodies of the Globe. The formation of internal waves requires seasonal stratification of the water bodies and generation by

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Board of Editors Aeolean Transport, Sediment Transport, Granular Flow Prof. Hans Herrmann Institut fu¨r Baustoffe Departement Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik HIF E 12/ETH Ho¨nggerberg 8093 Zu¨rich, Switzerland [email protected]

Avalanches, Landslides, Debris Flows, Pyroclastic Flows, Volcanology Prof E. Bruce Pitman Department of Mathematics University of Buffalo Buffalo, N. Y. 14260, USA [email protected]

Hydrological Sciences Prof. Vijay P. Singh Water Resources Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803-6405, USA

Nonlinear Geophysics Prof. Efim Pelinovsky Institute of Applied Physics 46 Uljanov Street 603950 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia [email protected]

Planetology, Outer Space Mechanics Prof Heikki Salo Division of Astronomy Department of Physical Sciences University of Oulu 90570 Oulu, Finnland

Glaciology, Ice Sheet and Ice Shelf Dynamics, Planetary Ices Prof. Dr. Ralf Greve Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0819, Japan [email protected] http://wwwice.lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp/greve/

Kolumban Hutter Editor

Nonlinear Internal Waves in Lakes

Editor Prof. Dr. Kolumban Hutter ETH Zu¨rich c/o Versuchsanstalt fu¨r Wasserbau Hydrologie und Glaziologie Gloriastr. 37/39 8092 Zu¨rich Switzerland [email protected]

ISSN 1866-8348 e-ISSN 1866-8356 ISBN 978-3-642-23437-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-23438-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23438-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011942325 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

INTAS has been an international association for the promotion of collaboration between scientists from the European Union, Island, Norway, and Switzerland (INTAS countries) and scientists from the new independent countries of the former Soviet Union (NUS countries). The program was founded in 1993, existed until 31 December 2006 and is since 01 January 2007 in liquidation. Its goal was the furthering of multilateral partnerships between re