Nonlinearities in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric behavior of Hf incorporated BaTiO 3 nontoxic electroceram
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Nonlinearities in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric behavior of Hf incorporated BaTiO3 nontoxic electroceramics Onkar A. Ramdasi1,3, Pravin S. Kadhane1, Y. D. Kolekar1, V. R. Reddy2, and Rahul C. Kambale1,* 1
Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India UGC-DAE CSR, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452 001, India 3 Department of Physics, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 019, India 2
Received: 23 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 4 September 2020
We report the structural, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of BaTi1-xHfxO3(x = 0, 0.04, 0.08) abbreviated as BT, BHT 1, and BHT-2 lead-free ceramics prepared by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis confirm the formation of tetragonal lattice symmetry with a P4mm space group for studied compositions at room temperature. The tetragonality i.e. c/a ratio and average grain size found to be decreased with Hf4? incorporation into BaTiO3 (BT). The nonlinearities in dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were observed with Hf4? incorporation into BT, with the diffuse phase transition (DPT) for BaTi0.96Hf0.04O3 (BHT-1) ceramic, showing improved bulk density * 5.90 g/cm3, lattice strain * 0.168%, Pr * 9.03 lC/cm2, Ec* 3.44 kV/cm, Pmax * 17.42 lC/cm2, em * 7391, Jmax * 4.52 9 10–3 A/cm2, d33 * 212 pC/N, diffuseness parameter c * 1.58, with relatively higher Curie temperature (TC * 125 °C) than pure BaTiO3 a promising candidate for leadfree ferroelectric memory storage (Fe-RAM) and piezoelectric transducers application.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Lead-based ceramics such as Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/ 3)O3(PMN), and (PbLa)(ZrTi)O3 (PLZT), (PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT), [1–4] are widely used in realistic applications by society and industries for transducers, piezoelectric sensors, accelerators, etc. However, the lead zirconium titanate (PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3); known
as PZT possesses the high piezoelectric coefficient value (d33 * 590 pC/N), high electromechanical coupling coefficients (kp * 0.53) and high dielectric constant (e * 750) due to the presence of Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB) where rhombohedral and tetragonal lattice symmetries come together at a particular composition [5]. Though the PZT shows superior properties; it has some major
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04420-5
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
drawbacks as follows; (i) Lead-based materials are environmentally harmful due to the toxicity and volatility of lead (Pb) and lead oxide (PbO) and (ii) the PZT contains more than 60 wt. % of the lead that is not environment friendly. Due to above main drawbacks, in 2003 European Union (EU) banned on the use of such materials under the Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in electronic types of equipment to prevent the reuse of lea
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