Normally-Off Computing
As a step toward ultimate low-power computing, this book introduces normally-off computing, which involves inactive components of computer systems being aggressively powered off with the help of new non-volatile memories (NVMs). Because the energy consump
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NormallyOff Computing
Normally-Off Computing
Takashi Nakada Hiroshi Nakamura •
Editors
Normally-Off Computing
123
Editors Takashi Nakada The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-56503-1
Hiroshi Nakamura The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-56505-5
(eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-56505-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960034 © Springer Japan KK 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Japan KK The registered company address is: Chiyoda First Bldg. East, 3-8-1 Nishi-Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0065, Japan
Preface
Steady technology improvement enables us to realize rapidly evolving information society. Information devices help us anywhere and anytime in our daily life. In the society, these devices are expected to be as small as possible in size and keep their operations as long as possible for a wide variety of applications. Thus, improvement of energy efficiency is indispensable to realize long battery life with limited battery capacity. This book is designed for both hardware and software designers. Energy consumption of modern information devices strongly depend on both of them. Software designers should not only understand the behavior of hardware but also optimize software to reduce power consumption. Hardware designers also have the same responsibility. Therefore, co-optimization of hardware and software is indispensable to improve energy efficiency. This book is based on the outcome of the Normally-Off Computing project from 2011 to 2016 supported by NEDO/METI (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization/Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). Normally-off is a way of computing which aggressively powers down components of computer systems when they are not needed. Simple power gating cannot fully take the chances of power reduction because volatile memories lose data when po
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