Normative linear and volumetric biometric measurements of fetal brain development in magnetic resonance imaging
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Normative linear and volumetric biometric measurements of fetal brain development in magnetic resonance imaging Shulei Cai 1 & Guofu Zhang 1
&
He Zhang 1 & Jing Wang 1
Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To provide normative two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of brain development in normal fetuses during the second and third trimester by a new semi-automated method. Methods In this retrospective study, we included 98 normal fetuses at our institution between 21 and 38 weeks of gestation. Twodimensional measurements of the brain were including biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, head circumference, transverse cerebellar diameter, and atrial diameter. Volumetric parameters were obtained by using ITK-SNAP software, including left and right cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricle, the cerebellum, and extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid. Results All linear and volume measurements were positively correlated with gestational age except for cerebrospinal fluid. Each anatomical region of the fetal brain showed a different relative growth rate. There was some volume asymmetry between the left and right lateral ventricles, and the left side was larger. The inter-observer and intra-observer agreement was excellent for all measures. Conclusion We established the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile values of fetal brain volume measurements in magnetic resonance, and this may be helpful to understand the damage of fetal brain development. Keywords Magnetic resonance imaging . Brain development . Fetus . 3D reconstruction
Introduction Ultrasound is the preferred examination tool for fetuses, but due to the influence of various artifacts, the diagnostic accuracy of fetal ultrasonography in the second and third trimester of pregnancy declined. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as an important supplement to ultrasonography [1]. The high-resolution and rapid imaging sequences of MRI are beneficial to the recognition anatomical structure * Guofu Zhang [email protected] Shulei Cai [email protected] He Zhang [email protected] Jing Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
and carry out more accurate measurements [2]. Ultrasound study emphasizes linear measurements including transverse cerebellar diameter and biparietal diameter of the skull to evaluate gestational age (GA) [3]. Ventriculomegaly is defined as an atrial diameter of more than 10 mm on prenatal ultrasound [4]. The simple linear measurement may not be able to fully describe the dynamic changes in brain development [5]. Volume measurement can make up for the limitations of linear measurement [6, 7]. The establishment of standardized fetal structure two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) can transform the subjective interpretation of fetal MRI into the quantitative analysis and will get a more accurate diagnosis
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