Novel Bioreactors for Culturing Marine Organisms
This chapter considers a wide range of novel bioreactor configurations for cultivation of marine organisms for purposes of biomass harvesting/enrichment or synthesis of target metabolites or wastewater treatment. It begins by analyzing biofilm reactors th
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Novel Bioreac
12. Novel Bioreactors for Culturing Marine Organisms
Debashis Roy
12.1
Biofilm Reactors (BFR) ..........................
327
12.2 Photobioreactors (PBR)-Tubular, Plate/Panel and Stirred Tank Configurations .....................................
331
12.3 Airlift Bioreactors (ALBR) and Bubble Column Bioreactors (BCBR) . 12.3.1 Airlift Bioreactors....................... 12.3.2 Bubble Column Bioreactors (BCBR) ..................... 12.3.3 ALBR and BCBR and/or other PBR – Comparative Studies
343
12.4 Membrane Bioreactors (MBR)................
349
12.5 Immobilized-Cell Bioreactors ...............
353
12.6 Hollow Fiber Bioreactors (HFBR)............
359
12.7
337 337 341
Fluidized Bed and Moving Bed Bioreactors (FBBR and MBBR) ............... 12.7.1 Fluidized Bed Bioreactors (FBBR). 12.7.2 Moving Bed Bioreactors..............
363 363 364
12.8 High-Temperature and/or High-Pressure Bioreactors (HP-/HTBR)...
368
References...................................................
382
considered, which are practically wholly devoted to cultivation of extremophiles (barophiles and/or thermophiles) isolated from the deep sea.
12.1 Biofilm Reactors (BFR) In their natural habitat, most bacteria exist within biofilms that are anchored to surfaces and are inherently different from bacteria existing in a planktonic state. Many bacterial strains upon attaching to a surface reportedly produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) which mediate the attachment of the bacteria to the surface culminating in the formation of a biofilm. Marine mi-
crobial communities often occur as biofilms which are high-density surface-attached aggregates embedded in extracellular biopolymer (EPS) matrices. The microbial biofilm is a common adaptation of natural bacteria and other microorganisms. In the fluctuating environment of intertidal systems, biofilms form protective microenvironments and may structure a range
Part B | 12.1
This chapter considers a wide range of novel bioreactor configurations for cultivation of marine organisms for purposes of biomass harvesting/enrichment or synthesis of target metabolites or wastewater treatment. It begins by analyzing biofilm reactors that promote surface-attached growth, including the niche-mimicking types viz. modified roller bottles, air membrane surface bioreactor, and ultralow speed rotating disk bioreactor as well as the small-scale extended surface shaken vessel. Photobioreactors (PBR), used mainly for phototrophic algal growth, are discussed next – these include the tubular, plate/panel and stirred tank types on the one hand and vertical column PBRs on the other, the latter mainly comprising airlift (AL) and bubble column (BC) PBRs. Important AL/BC configurations have been described. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) are then taken up, which include, e.g., the anaerobic MBR, ionexchange MBR, etc. Immobilized cell bioreactors – primarily packed bed bioreactors (PBBR) and their hybrids (e.g., with PBR, airlift bioreactor (ALBR), MBR etc.), are reviewed next, followed by hollow fiber bioreacto
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