Novel Compact Planar Four-Element MIMO Antenna for 4G/5G Applications
A low-profile four-element MIMO antenna is proposed in this paper. The designed antenna is planar and can resonate over frequency ranging between 3–5 GHz, covering frequencies allotted for 4G Bands [B22, B42, B43, B48 and B49] and 5G New Radio bands [n77,
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Abstract A low-profile four-element MIMO antenna is proposed in this paper. The designed antenna is planar and can resonate over frequency ranging between 3– 5 GHz, covering frequencies allotted for 4G Bands [B22, B42, B43, B48 and B49] and 5G New Radio bands [n77, n78 and n79]. The antenna structure comprises of identical U-shaped and inverted U-shaped antenna elements placed over etched ground slot of 10 × 5 mm2 . The antenna prototype is designed on FR4 substrate using IE3D simulation software. The MIMO antenna system exhibits good isolation above threshold and envelop correlation coefficient lower than 0.012 without the requirement of any additional decoupling structure. Keywords Planar antenna · MIMO antenna · 4G antenna · 5G antenna · Envelop correlation
1 Introduction The mobile communication industry is gearing toward the next big technological leap in form of 5G communication system. The current fourth generation of mobile communication is unable to satisfy the increasing demand of data speed [1]. Researchers and policy makers are working toward achieving a network that will meet the growing data requirements of the subscribers. 5G standard is expected to enhance the data rate up-to 10 Gbps [2, 3]. 3GPP has proposed two broad frequency spectrum that can be used for 5G services—FR1 and FR2 with corresponding frequency range 450 MHz to 6 GHz and 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz, respectively [4, 5]. The allocation of 5G C-band for implementing beam-forming and for designing multiple antenna A. Biswas (B) · V. R. Gupta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India e-mail: [email protected] V. R. Gupta e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 V. Nath and J. K. Mandal (eds.), Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Communication Systems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 692, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7486-3_12
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system for 5G at World Radio Communication Conference 2015 further triggered the research around the globe in the lower frequency range [6, 7]. Antenna systems have also witnessed enormous transformation to fit to the requirements of advancing mobile communication generation. Modern antenna system must be compact, low-profile and planar, must have ease of fabrication and should employ multiple elements at transmitting and receiving ends [8, 9]. Use of multiple antennas helps to increase the channel capacity; however, due to close placement of antennas inside wireless device, the mutual coupling between them also increases. The increase in mutual coupling degrades antenna performance. Extensive research has been carried out to identify ways of reducing the mutual coupling between antenna elements. Some popularly identified methods are using EBG structures [10, 12, 13], designing decoupling networks [11], including neutralization line [14], using polarization and pattern diversity [15], introduction of
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