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Novel High Energy Density Material Based on Metastable Intermolecular Nanocomposite Sherif Elbasuney1,2 · Abdelaziz Hamed1 · Shukri Ismael1 · Mohamed Mokhtar1 · Mohamed Gobara1 Received: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) are mixtures of nanosized metal oxide/metal that are stable under normal conditions. Whereas heat output of typical CHNO-based energetic system is limited to stored chemical energy; MICs can offer vigorous exothermic reactions with substantial heat output. Ferric oxide is the most common oxidizer for MIC applications. Facile synthesis of ­Fe2O3 particles of 5 nm has been reported. ­Fe2O3 particles were harvested from their synthesis medium and re-dispersed in acetone with aluminium nanoparticles (NPs). Subsequently HMX, the most vigorous high explosive material, was dissolved in MIC colloid. HMX nanocomposite was developed via co-precipitation technique. Elemental mapping using SEM demonstrated uniform dispersion of MIC particles into HMX. HMX nanocomposite demonstrated an increase in total heat release by 53% using DSC. Additionally MIC particles offered an increase in HMX destructive effect by 17% using Kast test. It can be manifested that MIC particles with high interfacial surface area were effectively integrated into HMX with the development of vigorous energetic nanocomposite material. This is the first time ever to report on MICbased HMX nanocoposite. Keywords  Nanoparticles · Thermites · Ferric oxide · Aluminium · Hydrothermal synthesis · Energetic materials · Metalized explosives · Destructive effect

1 Introduction Heat content of classical highly energetic CHNO system is limited to internal chemical energy [1]. On the other hand, reactive metal particles are characterized with high heat output [2]. Thermites can find wide application as novel high energy density material [3, 4]. However, thermite redox reaction should occur across interfaces between fuel and oxidizer particles. It is widely accepted that the mechanism of thermite reaction is reactive sintering process of oxidizer and fuel (Fig. 1). Sintering process includes loss of original nanostructure, which means the initial configurations and morphologies will be lost prior to bulk reaction [5]. Conventional thermites include limited interface that could lead to very * Sherif Elbasuney [email protected]; [email protected] 1



School of Chemical Engineering, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt



Nanotechnology Research Center, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt

2

slow kinetics. Great benefits can be accomplished by employing nanometric particles; they are candidate high energy density materials. Furthermore, they can offer reduced sensitivity with controlled energy release rate [6]. Advanced energetic nanocomposites are attractive materials for diverse applications including clean primers, detonators, and enhanced initiating compositions [7]. Reactive metal particles can be