Nuclear Accidents and International Law
This chapter outlines the main features of international treaties adopted in order to deal with nuclear accidents, both from the point of view of their prevention and from the point of view of their consequences. International nuclear law, intended as a s
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Nuclear Accidents and International Law Andrea Gioia
Abstract This chapter outlines the main features of international treaties adopted in order to deal with nuclear accidents, both from the point of view of their prevention and from the point of view of their consequences. International nuclear law, intended as a set of legally binding rules creating States’ rights and obligations relating to the conduct of activities related to the use of atomic energy, has mainly evolved as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. These rules relate to nuclear safety and security, emergency preparedness and response and liability for nuclear damage. However, the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in 2011 has shown that nuclear accidents can still happen, even in a highly developed State. As a result, the effectiveness of international nuclear law, in particular as regards the legal framework for nuclear safety and for emergency preparedness and response, is currently under review.
Keywords International nuclear law Nuclear activities Nuclear safety Nuclear security Emergency preparedness and response International atomic energy agency Nuclear liability
Contents 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 4.2 Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security .............................................................................. 4.2.1 Nuclear Safety ...................................................................................................... 4.2.2 Nuclear Security ...................................................................................................
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A. Gioia (&) Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via San Geminiano 3, 41121, Modena, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
A. de Guttry et al. (eds.), International Disaster Response Law, DOI: 10.1007/978-90-6704-882-8_4, Ó T.M.C. ASSER PRESS, The Hague, The Netherlands, and the author(s) 2012
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4.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response .......................................................................... 94 4.4 Liability for Nuclear Damage .......................................................................................... 98 4.5 Conclusions..................................................................................................................... 100 References................................................................................................................................ 102
4.1 Introduction The complex international problems of both law and legal policy raised by the civil uses of atomic energy stem from a number of features such as the great potentialities of atomic energy, the relatively great hazards involved in the operation of nuclear installations, the high degree of scientific and technical development required for nuclear industry. In order to deal with these issues and tackle the problems derived therefrom,
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