Nuclear Geophysics Applications in Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Engineer

The fundamentals of methods in nuclear geophysics and their practical applications in engineering geology, hydrology, hydrogeology,agriculture and environmental science are discussed in this book. The methods and apparatus based on absorption and scatteri

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The Springer Geophysics series seeks to publish a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in geophysics. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire research area including, but not limited to, geodesy, planetology, geodynamics, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, seismology, and tectonophysics. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10173

V. I. Ferronsky

Nuclear Geophysics Applications in Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Science

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V. I. Ferronsky Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the figures and tables which have been reproduced from other sources. Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact the publishers, so that due acknowledgment may be made in subsequent editions. Springer Geophysics ISBN 978-3-319-12450-6    ISBN 978-3-319-12451-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12451-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014959274 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Progress in geoengineering, hydrology and environmental sciences as a whole closely depends on the development of new methods of investigation, which are based on the latest achievements in adjacent branches of science such as physics, chemistry, electronics, geophysics and so on. This book provides the fundamentals and field applications of nuclear techniques in engineering geology, hydrogeology, civil engineering, agriculture and environmental study. The book is intended for scientists and researchers, teachers, students and postgraduates engaged in field studies for solv