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Tetsuya Osaka Zempachi Ogumi Editors

Nanoscale Technology for Advanced Lithium Batteries

Nanostructure Science and Technology Series Editor: David J. Lockwood, FRSC National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6331

Tetsuya Osaka • Zempachi Ogumi Editors

Nanoscale Technology for Advanced Lithium Batteries

Editors Tetsuya Osaka Waseda University Faculty of Science and Engineering Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555, Japan

Zempachi Ogumi Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan

ISSN 1571-5744 ISBN 978-1-4614-8674-9 ISBN 978-1-4614-8675-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8675-6 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013951658 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Today, economic growth in developing countries such as China and India has led to the rapid expansion of motorization in these countries. Motorization has, in turn, accelerated environmental problems and shortages of fossil fuels. Therefore, the widespread use of green vehicles in the future will be essential. In addition, renewable energy sources, such as solar power and wind power