Numerical analysis of secondary droplets characteristics due to drop impacting on 3D cylinders considering dynamic conta
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ORIGINAL PAPERS
Numerical analysis of secondary droplets characteristics due to drop impacting on 3D cylinders considering dynamic contact angle Javad Alinejad
. Mohammad Mohsen Peiravi
Received: 31 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study is investigating three-dimensional numerical simulation of a Newtonian droplet impact and break on two square cylinders based on dynamic contact angle of droplet at the spatial interface between two solid–fluid phases. The droplet impact details and morphology studied in the present work could provide ideas for the spray wall impingement modeling in the simulation of many industrial applications, such as spray painting and liquid cooling of surfaces. The droplet impact is investigated on two square cylinders in 9 different modes with different droplet diameters and physical conditions such as different positions of droplet. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used with open-source software. The results have been compared and validated quantitatively and qualitatively with the experimental results. Results represent droplet diameter into cylinder dimension and velocity profiles are affected on number of broken droplets, break times and droplet deformation. Also, mean velocities of droplet after impact on two square cylinders at first break time were 0, 0.025, 0.12, 0.47, 0.11, 0.08, 0.2, 0.012, 0.19 m/s for cases 1–9, respectively. Moreover, in case 7 that droplet diameter into cylinder dimension was 2, the J. Alinejad (&) M. M. Peiravi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran e-mail: [email protected] M. M. Peiravi e-mail: [email protected]
maximum number of break-up into secondary droplets was 10 drops that occurred for 4 times. Keywords Broken droplet deformation OpenFOAM Secondary droplets characteristics VOF method 3D cylinder cross sections List of symbols f Volume of fluid fraction R Droplet radius (m) qd Droplet density (kg/m3) ld Droplet viscosity (kg/m.s) qc Static environment density (kg/m3) lc Static environment viscosity (kg/m.s) D Droplet diameter (m) Fs Surface tension (N/m) U Fluid phase volume fraction vi;j;k Volume of a cell Compression velocity constrained (m/s) Uc Ca Correction coefficient g Gravitational acceleration (m/s2) n^d Vector perpendicular to the surface curvature for the droplet phase n^t Vector perpendicular to the surface curvature for the solid phase h Spatial angle between n^d and n^t . (rad) n^c Vector perpendicular to n^d and n^t hd Dynamic contact angle r The liquid–air surface tension cpr Cells per droplet radius
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Meccanica
VCL Va Vr Ve ha hr he E Vx;y;z t
Contact line velocity Advancing contact lines velocity Receding contact lines velocity Equilibrium contact lines velocity Advancing contact lines angel Receding contact lines angel Equilibrium contact lines angel Error Velocity components (m/s) Time (s)
Subscripts d Droplet i, j, k Coordinates f Fluid s Solid 1
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