Numerical and Physical Study on a Cylindrical Tundish Design to Produce a Swirling Flow in the SEN During Continuous Cas
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is well known that the steel flow pattern in the continuous casting mold is very important for the quality of steel products. Some undesirable flows, like vortex formation and meniscus fluctuation, in the mold may lead to serious surface or internal defects. As the connecting part between the tundish and the mold, the Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) plays an important role in continuous casting. This is partly due to the fact that the steel flow characteristics in the mold are directly influenced by the upstream SEN outlet flow. In the past,
PEIYUAN NI is with the Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-metal Intergrown Ores of Education Ministry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China, and also with the Division of Processes, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Contact e-mail: [email protected] DONGXING WANG and TING-AN ZHANG are with the Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-metal Intergrown Ores of Education Ministry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University. LAGE TORD INGEMAR JONSSON, MIKAEL ERSSON, and PA¨R GO¨RAN JO¨NSSON are with the Division of Processes, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Manuscript submitted February 6, 2017.
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many studies have been carried out in order to understand the steel flows in SENs under various conditions and to further improve the bulk flow pattern in the mold.[1–23] Specifically, the effects of the nozzle type (straight or bifurcated),[1,2] SEN port design (number, shape, angle, thickness),[3–13] argon injection in SENs,[5,15–21] SEN immersion depth,[6,13] slide gate position,[5] and nozzle clogging[17,22] on the steel flows have been investigated. These studies improved the understanding of the steel flow characteristics in SENs which contributed to the steel flow optimization. For example, the jet angle was found mainly depending on the port angle.[3] Argon gas injection was found to blend the port jet angle upwards and to enhance the turbulence level.[5] A square-shaped SEN port induces flows with less turbulence than a circular-shaped port at a deep immersion position, whereas at a shallow immersion position the square-shaped port induces larger turbulent conditions at the meniscus level.[7] The tangential SEN port design, where four horizontal nozzle ports are located at the tangential direction of the SEN pipe circumference, was found to effectively reduce the center porosity and improve the chemical homogeneity.[10,11] However, a further improvement on the flow performance based on the SEN design and parameter control seems to face challenges. Therefore, in recent years, the use of Electromagnetic Braking in the mold to
control the outlet flow from SEN ports has been investigated as a measure to stabilize the steel flow.[19,24–26] This method has shown the ability to stabilize the steel flow at the mold surface region for small level fluctuations.[19,26] However, its applicat
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