Numerical Experimental Study on Ore Dilution in Sublevel Caving Mining
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Numerical Experimental Study on Ore Dilution in Sublevel Caving Mining Kunpeng Yu 1 & Chunshan Zheng 2,3
&
Fengyu Ren 1
Received: 19 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc. 2020
Abstract On the basis of physical ore-drawing test research, the irregular particle clusters are constructed by adopting particle element theory and PFC numerical simulation software. Meanwhile, the ore dilution mechanism in the process of stoping caving ore and rock bulk is investigated, especially, the permeability characteristics of small size particles. Main factors considered in the numerical test are particle density ratio, particle diameter ratio, vertical stress of overburden, and shape of large particle size. Results show that the irregular particle morphology could more accurately reflect the permeation characteristics of small size particle in caved ore rocks. The particle diameter ratio and large size particle morphology are significant factors that affect permeability characteristics of caved ore and rock. The infiltration rate and diameter ratio of small particles meet negative exponential function. Meanwhile, the closer the particle size is, the more difficult the infiltration is. In the actual ore-drawing process, the evenness of caving ore-rock bulk should be improved as much as possible, particularly near the ore-rock contact zone. Keywords Ore dilution . Percolation rate . Numerical simulation . Sublevel caving
1 Introduction Sublevel caving is a large-scale underground mining method, which has been widely used in the world since the beginning of twentieth century. This is a top-down mining method that relies on blasting to break the ore and gravity to transport the ore [1, 2]. Ore drawing management is to draw ore according to the prescribed discharge tonnage or grade. The overlying rock mass will naturally collapse as the ore is recovered. The production process is repeated at multiple subsection levels, a highly mechanized and standardized mining activity [3–6]. The mining and cutting of ore bodies are carried out at different levels, so as to achieve high productivity, high efficiency, and safe working conditions. Compared with other large-scale mining methods, stoping is more flexible and easy
* Chunshan Zheng [email protected] 1
School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
to standardize. This method is simple in structure and has a wide range of application. The mining roadway can be arranged perpendicular to or parallel to the strike of ore body [3]. Sublevel caving is still the main mining method for metal deposits, especially for low-grade mines, and its application will be further expanded. The main disadvantage of the mining method is the high ore dilution [7–16]. Dilut
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