Numerical Simulation of Dynamics of the Drop Formation at a Vertical Capillary Tube
The objective of this work is to study the parametric effects on the drop formation. For this, an experimentally verified computational domain that gives an accurate result is developed in the commercial software, FLUENT version 14.0. The numerical simula
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Abstract The objective of this work is to study the parametric effects on the drop formation. For this, an experimentally verified computational domain that gives an accurate result is developed in the commercial software, FLUENT version 14.0. The numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equation has been obtained by combining the volume of fluid model with the finite volume method. To obtain the precise results in the finite volume technique, fine meshing is developed to track the movement of droplet in the air interface. The shape of drop formation obtained through the computational method is being verified with the experimental results available in the literature. The effect of parameters, i.e., viscosity and flow rate, is investigated in detail and also validated with the previous research works. The effect of viscosity on the development of satellite drop formation is also studied. This work is quite good agreement with the experimental work.
1 Introduction A drop is a little section of fluid, limited totally or just about totally by free surfaces. A drop may frame when fluid collects at the lower end of a tube or other surface limit, creating a hanging drop called a pendant drop. Drops might likewise be framed by the buildup of a vapor or by atomization of a bigger mass of fluid. During the drop formation, the primary droplet is the largest drop that is ejected from the capillary tube. Along with primary droplets, some extra droplets (known as satellite droplet) are occasionally generated due to the collapse of the liquid column by surface tension. These satellite droplets are usually smaller than intended primary
Pardeep (&) M. Srivastava M.K. Sinha Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur 831014, India e-mail: [email protected] M.K. Sinha e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 M.K. Singh et al. (eds.), Applications of Fluid Dynamics, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5329-0_27
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Fig. 1 Drop formation in Savort’s experiment
droplet. Dynamic of drop depends upon various factors such as viscosity of the liquid, surface tension between the liquid and atmospheric medium, density of the liquid, flow rate of the liquid in the capillary tube. Drop formation is widely used in chemical processing, printing technology, medical application, soldering, metallurgical work, and spraying. The source of drop formation was recognized about 200 years ago by Felix Savart in Paris. In 1833, he observed experimentally about the drop formation during flow of water through a nozzle as shown in Fig. 1. Small drops in between the two bigger drops are named as ‘satellite drop’. Basaran (2002) and Bhat (2008) explained different methods of drop formation and its application. Many researchers uncovered the various characteristics of drop before detachment and after detachment through experimental and numerical techniques. Different aspects of dripping, jetting, liquid bridge, and various stabilit
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