Numerical Simulation of Viscous Flow Around Kayak: A Comparison of Different Design Models
The aim of this paper was to analyze the viscous flow around different kayak design models, allowing computing hydrodynamic drag force through numerical simulations. The simulations were based on Finite volume method of discretization. Numerical simulatio
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Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze the viscous flow around different kayak design models, allowing computing hydrodynamic drag force through numerical simulations. The simulations were based on Finite volume method of discretization. Numerical simulations were performed on three different kayak models, corresponding to kayak design evolution of K1 Vanquish M NeloTM models (M.A.R. Kayaks Lda, Portugal). The numerical simulations were performed only for the outer shell section of the kayak hull geometry, assumed to be submerged in still water. For a speed of 5.0 m/s, it can be observed that the pressure of the bow is larger, and the pressure of the stern is smaller, and variation of pressure of the middle is relatively small. The main results suggest that the evolution from Vanquish I to Vanquish III was succeeded, as shown by the reduction of hydrodynamic drag over the three models studied. In the design of Kayak, one can optimize the shape of the outer surface by combining the pressure and shear stress distribution of the shell. Keywords Computational fluid dynamics • Sports • Water • Drag
D.A. Marinho (*) Departamento de Cieˆncias do Desporto, Universidade da Beira Interior, ´ vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilha˜, Portugal Rua Marqueˆs de A Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] V.R. Mantha • A.J. Silva Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Tra´s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal A.I. Rouboa Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal Department of Engineering, University of Tra´s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal D. Iacoviello and U. Andreaus (eds.), Biomedical Imaging and Computational Modeling 193 in Biomechanics, Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics 4, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4270-3_10, # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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1 Introduction It is a generally held principle of boat hydrodynamics that the speed of a boat will be a function of the amount of power delivered, and the amount of resistance created by the water as the hull of the boat passes through it. It follows that the longer and slimmer the hull of a craft, the generally less pronounced the effect of friction will be. As the weight of the canoe is spread over a greater hull length, the hull will draw less water, and thus the craft will generally be less stable. Hydrodynamic research (Jackson 1995) regarding the most efficient canoe hull designs suggests that 90% of the drag on the boat is the water, while the remaining 10% is created by the hull and the paddlers moving through the air above the water. The broad physical modelling capabilities of computer numerical simulations have been applied to industrial scope in a wide range of applications. Nowadays, several companies throughout the world benefit from this important engine
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