Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models
This book surveys recent developments in numerical techniques for global atmospheric models. It is based upon a collection of lectures prepared by leading experts in the field. The chapters reveal the multitude of steps that determine the global atmospher
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Peter H. Lauritzen Christiane Jablonowski Mark A. Taylor Ramachandran D. Nair Editors
Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models
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Editors Peter H. Lauritzen Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research 1850 Table Mesa Drive Boulder, CO 80305 USA [email protected]
Mark A. Taylor Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0370 Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA [email protected]
Christiane Jablonowski University of Michigan Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences 2455 Hayward St. Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA [email protected]
Ramachandran D. Nair Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences National Center for Atmospheric Research 1850 Table Mesa Drive Boulder, CO 80305 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-11639-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-11640-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-11640-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011925388 Mathematical Subject Classification (2010): 76, 76-06, 76U05, 76R50, 76M10, 76M12, 76M20, 76M22, 76M25, 35, 35L65, 35R05, 35Q30 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin. Background visualization courtesy of Jamison Daniel at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
This book appears at a time of rapid change in the field of global atmospheric modeling. The field is being transformed, and the authors of this volume are driving many of those rapid changes. As always, the models and the computing systems that run them are co-evolving. Processor speeds have (almost) stopped increasing, but parallelism is exploding, and systems with tens of millions of processors are expected in the next few years. These technology trends are driving atmospheric models towards much higher spatial resolution and more local discretization schemes. The trend to higher model resolution is forcing a healthy re-examination of familiar methods that have been accepted, for decades, as standards of global modeling practice. Perhaps the most obvious point is that the quasi-static approximation is not applicable with high
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