Nutraceuticals in Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Preclinical Data and Translational Experiences
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Nutraceuticals in Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Preclinical Data and Translational Experiences Chiara Tognola1,2 · Maloberti Alessandro1,2 · Martina Milani1,2 · Iside Cartella1,2 · Giovanni Tavecchia1,2 · Enzo Grasso1,2 · Jinwey Sun1,2 · Cristina Giannattasio1,2 Received: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Non-pharmacological treatments have always been considered important in the management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes. Nutraceuticals ("Nutrition" + "Pharmaceutical") could fall both under the definition of non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacological one or, probably more correctly, in the middle of these two kinds of therapies. However, the word “nutraceuticals” never appears in the latest guidelines on this issue. This is probably determined by the fact that evidences on this topic are scarce and most of the published articles are based on preclinical data while translational experiences are available only for some molecules. In this review we will focus on nutraceutical strategies that act on the ischemic myocardium itself and not only on the cardiovascular risk factors. As demonstrated by the important number of papers published in recent years, this is an evolving topic and evaluated substances principally act on two mechanisms (cardiac energetics and ischemia-reperfusion damage) that will be also reviewed. Keywords Nutraceutical · Chronic coronary syndromes · Ischemia-reperfusion injury · Cardiac energetics
1 Introduction Non-pharmacological treatments have always been considered important in the management of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS—formerly called Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease). In fact, the last published guidelines on CCS spend a specific section on this topic [1]. Nutraceuticals (“Nutrition” + “Pharmaceutical”) indicates a class of molecules/ supplements that are used in the prevention and/or treatment of disease [2]. They fall both under the definition of This article is part of the topical collection on Nutraceuticals in Hypertension & Cardiovascular Prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00416-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maloberti Alessandro [email protected] 1
Cardiologia IV, Dipartimento A. De Gasperis, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159 Milan, Italy
School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
2
non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacological one or, probably more correctly, in the middle of these two kinds of therapies. However, the word “nutraceuticals” never appears in the previously cited guidelines. This is probably determined by the fact that evidences on this topic are scarce and most of the published articles are based on preclinical data while translational experiences are available only for some molecules. In this review we will focus on nutraceutical strategies that act on the ischemic myocardiu
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