O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage foot-and-mouth disease virus was responsible for an extensive epidemic that occurred in late 2018 i
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
O/SEA/Mya‑98 lineage foot‑and‑mouth disease virus was responsible for an extensive epidemic that occurred in late 2018 in Vietnam Nguyen Van Diep1,2 · Trinh Thi Bich Ngoc1 · Le Quoc Hoa1 · Bui Thi To Nga1 · BoKyo Kang3 · Jinsik Oh3 · Nguyen Thi Lan1 · Van Phan Le1 Received: 26 December 2019 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Since late 2018, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has reemerged and rapidly swept through pig farms in North and Central Vietnam, despite widespread use of commercial FMD vaccines. To investigate the FMD virus (FMDV) strains responsible for the current epidemics, 40 FMDV samples were collected from 17 provinces during November-December 2018, and the VP1 coding genes were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparisons revealed that all of the reemerging Vietnamese FMDVs belonged to the Mya-98 lineage of the O/Southeast Asia topotype (O/SEA/Mya-98) and shared high nucleotide (99.06–100% identity) and amino acid (97.65–100% identity) sequence similarity with each other. The study results suggested that the reemerging FMDVs originated from local Vietnamese strains. Field viruses had different amino acids in the antigenic sites of VP1 when compared to the strains used in the vaccines. The present study provides an important basis for vaccine selection in the battle against FMD in Vietnam.
Introduction Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, clinically acute vesicular disease of pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, and many cloven-hoofed wild animals worldwide [3]. FMD is on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) list of diseases because of its potential for rapid and extensive spread within and between countries, resulting in severe economic losses [13]. The causative agent of FMD is foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the genus Aphthovirus in the family Picornaviridae, which is a non‐enveloped, icosahedral virus 26–30 nm in diameter containing a single Handling Editor: Tim Skern. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04763-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Van Phan Le [email protected] 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
3
Median Diagnostics, Chuncheon‑si, South Korea
positive‐sense RNA genome approximately 8,300 nucleotides in length [3]. The genome encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into four structural proteins (VP1–VP4) and 10 non-structural proteins (L, 2A–2C, 3A, 3B1–3B3, 3C, and 3D). Sixty copies of the four structural proteins (VP14) form the complete viral capsid. The structural proteins VP1–3 are exposed on the surface of the virus, while VP4 is located internally. Among the virus proteins, the VP1 capsid protein is critically involved in virus attachm
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