Obesity and NAFLD: Same Problem?
Obesity—namely visceral obesity—is definitely the core of the metabolic syndrome, having insulin resistance as the central metabolic defect. Body fat accumulation and insulin resistance mutually feed each other, and progressive lipotoxicity, i.e., accumul
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Elisabetta Bugianesi Editor
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease A 360-degree Overview
Editor Elisabetta Bugianesi Department of Medical Sciences Division of Gastroentrology and Hepatology University of Turin Turin Italy
ISBN 978-3-319-95827-9 ISBN 978-3-319-95828-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95828-6 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To our cherished colleague and friend Valerio Nobili, a brilliant scientist and an extraordinary person.
Preface
The term “nonalcoholic fatty liver disease” (NAFLD) was coined by gastroenterologists almost 20 years ago to define a spectrum of progressive liver disease that encompasses simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, which is characterized by the presence of steatosis, necroinflammation, with/without fibrosis), and ultimately cirrhosis. The same entity was also well known to diabetologists and regarded as an epiphenomenon of the metabolic syndrome. Dramatic changes in the lifestyle of the global population have been fueling a worldwide increase of obesity and its comorbidities, including NAFLD. It is estimated that the burden of end-stage liver disease will increase two- to threefold in both Western nations as well as several Asian countries by 2030, and NAFLD is set to replace viral hepatitis as the primary cause of end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation over the next decade or so, with the disease affecting both adults and children. It is clear that NAFLD is a complex disease, with considerable variation in severity among individuals as a result of the interplay between host genetics, the environment (diet in par
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