Observation of room temperature multiferroicity in CuO-doped Sr 3 Bi 4 Ti 6 O 21 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics
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Observation of room temperature multiferroicity in CuO-doped Sr3Bi4Ti6O21 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics E. Elayaperumal1,2,*
, M. Malathi3, G. Murugesan4, Anshida Mayeen5, and Nandakumar Kalarikkal5
1
Department of Physics, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tenkasi, Tamil Nadu 627 412, India Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627 012, India 3 Condensed Matter Research Laboratory, CCG, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India 4 Department of Physics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India 5 School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India 2
Received: 3 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 7 September 2020
Room temperature multiferroicity was achieved in CuO-doped Sr3Bi4Ti6O21 (SBT6) lead-free bismuth layered structure ferroelectric ceramics. On addition of CuO, a feeble magnetization with highest saturation magnetization of * 3 memu/g and least coercivity of 676 Oe was obtained for x = 0.5 mol% sample. The effect of magnetic field on the ferroelectric properties was investigated, which reveals the presence of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling indirectly and the maximum remnant polarization of 12.16 lC/cm2 at 1 kOe was obtained. Moreover, from direct measurements (ME studies), coupling between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phases was also achieved at room temperature. Further, the presence of feeble ME effect decreases upon increasing CuO doping concentration, especially at higher doping concentration. The induced spontaneous magnetization, oxygen vacancies and strong magnetic superexchange interaction of CuO played a key role in achieving room temperature multiferroicity.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Bismuth layered structure ferroelectric (BLSF) leadfree ceramics have gained more attention due to their high remnant polarization and low coercive field and it finds potential application in use of making nonvolatile ferroelectric RAMs, piezoelectric devices,
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04458-5
high temperature transducers [1]. Sr3Bi4Ti6O21 (SBT6) is one of the lead-free bismuth layered material with a perovskite structure having m = 6 layers of BO6 octahedra present between two Bi2O2 layers. The SBT6 ceramics have a ferroelectric phase transition with Curie temperature of about 295 °C and remnant polarization of 10.58 lC/cm2 at room temperature
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
[2]. As reported earlier, SBT6 ceramics cannot be formed without avoiding SrTiO3 secondary phase because of increased BiO6 oxide layers [3]. Due to the difference in enthalpy between two Bi2O2 layers, a mixture of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 and SrTiO3 phases will occurs in bulk sample preparation. However, Zhang et al. reported the fabrication of phase pure SBT6 thin films by pulsed laser deposition technique and also determined its various electrical parameters, Pr = 4.1 lC/ cm2, er = 363 and tan d = 0
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