Observation of transient stress states in eutectic composite creep
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to determine how these are formed, but there are at least three possible causes, viz, a) gas entrapment, b) thermal contraction during solidification, and c) shearing of droplets over substrate surface irregularities. In these areas two extremes of heat flow can be considered: i) heat removal into the gas from the top and bottom surfaces; ii) heat removal to the nearest contact point on the substrate. Denoting these as class i) and class ii) respectively, it can be seen that the former gives relatively low values for h (the heat transfer coefficient) and d (the thickness across which heat flows), and that the latter leads to higher values for h and d. It is worth noting that Shingu and Ozaki' use a large value for h and a small value for d when considering the limiting condition for noncrystalline growth. The only areas that conform to this situation are those very small regions that protrude from the edge of foils. In general, areas such as Fig. 1 are observed, and if d is
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