Oceanographic and Biological Aspects of the Red Sea
This book includes invited contributions presenting the latest research on the oceanography and environment of the Red Sea. In addition to covering topics relevant to research in the region and providing insights into marine science for non-experts, it is
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Najeeb M. A. Rasul Ian C. F. Stewart Editors
Oceanographic and Biological Aspects of the Red Sea
Springer Oceanography
The Springer Oceanography series seeks to publish a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in marine sciences. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire area of oceanography including, but not limited to, Coastal Sciences, Biological/Chemical/Geological/Physical Oceanography, Paleoceanography, and related subjects.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10175
Najeeb M. A. Rasul • Ian C. F. Stewart Editors
Oceanographic and Biological Aspects of the Red Sea
123
Editors Najeeb M. A. Rasul Center for Marine Geology Saudi Geological Survey Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ian C. F. Stewart Stewart Geophysical Consultants Pty. Ltd. College Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
ISSN 2365-7677 ISSN 2365-7685 (electronic) Springer Oceanography ISBN 978-3-319-99416-1 ISBN 978-3-319-99417-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99417-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018952595 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The Red Sea has a unique tectonic history, environment and biology. It is a young ocean basin that along its length has undergone or is undergoing the transition from a continental rift to true oceanic seafloor spreading, the nature of which is still open to vigorous debate. In addition, due to its semi-enclosed nature and location within an arid region, the environment is affected by high evaporation rates that, together with limited contact with the Indian O
