Ocular ultrasonography focused on the posterior eye segment: what radiologists should know
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Ocular ultrasonography focused on the posterior eye segment: what radiologists should know Marcela De La Hoz Polo 1,2 & Anna Torramilans Lluís 3 & Oscar Pozuelo Segura 1,2 & Albert Anguera Bosque 1,2 & Catalina Esmerado Appiani 4 & Josep Maria Caminal Mitjana 5
Received: 4 November 2015 / Revised: 23 January 2016 / Accepted: 26 January 2016 / Published online: 24 February 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Ocular B-mode ultrasonography (US) is an important adjuvant for the clinical assessment of a variety of ocular diseases. When ophthalmoscopy is not possible, mainly due to opacification of the transparent media (e.g., mature cataract or vitreous haemorrhage), US can guide the ophthalmologist in diagnosing disease and choosing treatment. The superficial location and cystic structure of the eye make US ideal for imaging of the eye. Moreover, dynamic study helps distinguish between various conditions that would otherwise be difficult to differentiate in some clinical setting, such as vitreous, retinal, and choroidal detachment. US is also good technique for detecting other pathologic conditions such as lens dislocation, vitreous haemorrhage, asteroid hyalosis, optic disc drusen, and tumors (e.g., choroidal melanoma, metastases, hemangioma). An understanding of the basic anatomy of the eye, the US technique, and common entities that affect the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13244-016-0471-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marcela De La Hoz Polo [email protected]
1
Radiology Department, Hospital Sant Pau i Santa Tecla, Rambla Vella 14, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
2
Hospital El Vendrell, Carretera de Barcelona, s/n, 43700 El Vendrell, Spain
3
Radiology Department, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Spain
4
Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Spain
5
Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
ocular globe will allow radiologists to offer this valuable imaging modality to patients and referring clinicians. This article focuses on the US anatomy and pathologic conditions that affect the posterior ocular segment. Teaching points • US is specially indicated when ocular fundus cannot be assessed on ophthalmoscopy. • Multipurpose equipment with high-frequency transducers is optimal for imaging the eye. • Ultrasound can reliably depict ocular anatomy and pathology as detachments and tumours. • Dynamic examination is vital for distinguishing certain pathologic conditions as detachments. Keywords Ultrasound . Posterior eye segment . Retina . Vitreous body . Choroid
Introduction Ocular US has long been the province of ophthalmologists, often using dedicated equipment [1]. However, radiologists are becoming increasingly involved, using general (multipurpose) ultrasound equipment with high-frequency small parts probes. The cornea, anterior chamber, iris, posterior cha
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