Office Buildings Health, Safety and Environment

This book brings together concepts from the building, environmental, behavioural and health sciences to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of office and workplace design. Today, with changes in the world of work and the relentless surge in technol

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Pranab Kumar Nag

Office Buildings Health, Safety and Environment

Design Science and Innovation Series editor Amaresh Chakrabarti, Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India

The book series is intended to provide a platform for disseminating knowledge in all areas of design science and innovation, and is intended for all stakeholders in design and innovation, e.g. educators, researchers, practitioners, policy makers and students of design and innovation. With leading international experts as members of its editorial board, the series aims to disseminate knowledge that combines academic rigour and practical relevance in this area of crucial importance to the society.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15399

Pranab Kumar Nag

Office Buildings Health, Safety and Environment

123

Pranab Kumar Nag School of Environment and Disaster Management Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University Kolkata, West Bengal, India

ISSN 2509-5986 ISSN 2509-5994 (electronic) Design Science and Innovation ISBN 978-981-13-2576-2 ISBN 978-981-13-2577-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018954608 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Dedicated to my *88-year-old mother, and in fond memory of my father.

Preface

Office, the word stems from the Latin officium, has been transformed today to an organizational space—an entity of organizational symbolism, denoting spatial environment in which humans perform work, physical environment in and around an organization, and built environment referred to as