OGC CityGML 3D City Models Enriched with Utility Infrastructures for Developing Countries
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
OGC CityGML 3D City Models Enriched with Utility Infrastructures for Developing Countries E. Vishnu1
· Saran Sameer1
Received: 6 August 2018 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract Momentous studies have substantiated semantically enriched 3D city models with numerous urban related applications. Utility networks plays a vital role, hence detailed 3D data modeling of utility networks along with 3D urban space can perform various simulations and analysis on urban planning, utility and asset management. Detailed representation of utility networks is not yet studied till now, as they are least considered in city modeling. Subsurface utility infrastructures are connected to several network components that can be installed ‘on-surface’, ‘above-surface’ or ‘below-surface’. CityGML is excessively used for 3D city modeling, hence CityGML compliant utility network modeling is proposed. The study proposes OGC CityGML-based detailed 3D modeling approach of ‘subsurface and overhead’ networks along with several ‘overhead, on-surface and subsurface’ network components. Data modeling approach is implemented with a modified version of CityGML Utility Network Application Domain Extension (ADE) to hold geometric and semantic aspects of subsurface and overhead infrastructures. Also, various Levels of Details (LOD) have proposed in the study. Related relevant applications of utility network modeling are also discussed. Several use cases such as (1) network analysis and (2) affects of utility network excavation on street space; are implemented with CityGML Utility Network ADE data. This study can be considered as a unique study dealing with detailed modeling of utility networks at different levels of details. Keywords CityGML · Data model · Utility network ADE · Levels of details · Data modeling · Relational database
Introduction Building Information Modeling (BIM) and 3D GIS are widely utilized in the geospatial community. The semantically enriched city models achieved this boom with one of the prominent data models: Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) City Geographic Markup Language (CityGML). CityGML is an open XML standard data model for data storage and exchange. CityGML has been extensively used in city modeling because of its capability in holding the geometry, semantics and relationship between city objects. It leads to perform wide range of realistic simulations and analysis beyond visualization. Even though utility & E. Vishnu [email protected] Saran Sameer [email protected] 1
networks plays a vital role, they are not been considered as a part of city modeling yet. Advanced geospatial technologies in Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) contributed a lot to utility industries and providers with utility mapping, asset management, utility management, etc. Hence, 3D modeling and utility mapping can be incorporated into a 3D data model that turns out extremely beneficial for numerous urban and utility network related applications and managemen
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