On the Ecology of the Shield Bug Menida violacea Motschulsky, 1861 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), Host of Parasitic Dipter
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he Ecology of the Shield Bug Menida violacea Motschulsky, 1861 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), Host of Parasitic Dipterans (Diptera, Tachinidae) in the South of Primorskii Territory (Russia) T. O. Markovaa, E. V. Kanyukovab,*, and M. V. Maslova a Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia b Zoological Museum, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690091 Russia
*e-mail: [email protected] Received December 13, 2018; revised March 11, 2020; accepted March 11, 2020
Abstract—Data on Menida violacea Motsch. (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), a rare shield bug species in Primorskii Territory of Russia, are given. Two species of parasitic dipterans of the family Tachinidae, Ectophasia rotundiventris (Loew, 1858) and Leucostoma crassum Kugler, 1966 (subfamily Phasiinae), were reared from the bugs in the laboratory. The development stages of M. violacea in nature, the habitats and timing of its hibernation were studied, and the geographic distribution and trophic associations of the species were clarified, with five plant families added to the previously known hosts. An increase in the bug population and transition to agricultural plants were recorded in the recent years. Keywords: shield bugs, Menida violacea, host plants, phenology, parasitic dipterans, Primorskii Territory, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Diptera, Tachinidae, Phasiinae DOI: 10.1134/S0013873820040053
fore, and there have been no data on their parasites and predators.
The genus Menida Motschulsky, 1861 belongs to the tribe Menidini Atkinson, 1888 and comprises two subgenera: Vanessomenida Linnavuori, 1982 from tropical Africa and Menida with 23 species mostly distributed in the south of Asia, within the Palaearctic and partly the Oriental and Ethiopian regions (Rider, 2006). Three species occur in the east of Russia, where the northeastern boundaries of their ranges pass. In particular, Menida (Menida) disjecta (Uhler, 1860) (= M. scotti Puton, 1886) and M. (M.) musiva (Jakovlev, 1876) are known from Transbaikalia to the south of the Russian Far East, while M. (M.) violacea Motschulsky, 1861 is the only species occurring to the east of the Jewish Autonomous Region, in Khabarovsk and Primorskii territories, and also in East China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and India (Rider et al., 2002; Rider, 2006; Vinokurov et al., 2010). The biology of the species of the nominotypical subgenus in Primorskii Territory has not been studied be-
In the previous years, bugs of the subgenus Menida had low abundance in Primorskii Territory as compared with the southern parts of their ranges, and were represented in collections only by occasional specimens. These bugs mostly inhabit light forest biotopes; they have been found on trees and shrubs, and very rarely in herbage. Adults hibernate in deep rock crevices and sometimes get into human dwellings and other buildings. Kuznetsov (1977), who specially studied insects hibernating in rocks, found the overwintering M. disjecta (recorded a
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