On the estimation of reoxidation of plunging jets of liquid steel
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On the Estimation of Reoxidation of Plunging Jets of Liquid Steel
A c o m p a r a t i v e plot of t h e o r e t i c a l and e x p e r i m e n t a l e n t r a i n m e n t s is m a d e in Fig. 1. The G l a u e r t and L i g h t hill line is the r e l a t i o n s h i p used in S z e k e l y ' s p a p e r ; the Sakiadis 3 line s l i g h t l y below it is a s i m i l a r plot b a s e d on a s o l u t i o n for e n t r a i n m e n t by b o u n d a r y l a y e r f o r m a t i o n of a c y l i n d e r m o v i n g along its a x i s . The other three lines represent experimental entrainment data for plunging w a t e r j e t s . T h e s e i s s u e d at 35 fps f r o m each of t h r e e d i f f e r e n t n o z z l e d e s i g n s , Fig. 1, all p o s s e s s i n g the s a m e outlet d i a m e t e r . The e x p e r i m e n t a l t e c h n i q u e i n v o l v e d c o l l e c t i n g the e n t r a i n e d a i r , as a i r bubbles, ducting it to an a i r w a t e r s e p a r a t o r f r o m w h e r e the a i r p a s s e d to a flow m e a s u r i n g s t a t i o n to p r o v i d e a m e a s u r e of the e n t r a i n m e n t r a t e . As the l e v e l of e n t r a i n m e n t is dependent on the s c a l e of the j e t s u r f a c e r o u g h n e s s , 4 the o r d e r of magnitude v a r i a t i o n in e n t r a i n m e n t r a t e d e p i c t e d in F i g . 1 is due e n t i r e l y to the d i f f e r e n c e in s u r f a c e r o u g h n e s s of the j e t s as p r o d u c e d by the d i f f e r e n t n o z z l e s . The t h e o r e t i c a l m o d e l b a s e d on the G l a u e r t and L i g h t h i l l r e l a t i o n is d e f i c i e n t in that it does not i n c o r p o r a t e the influence of j e t s u r f a c e r o u g h n e s s in d e t e r m i n i n g e n t r a i n m e n t r a t e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , the d e v e l o p m e n t of a boundary l a y e r along the j e t s u r f a c e does not a p p e a r to be a n e c e s s a r y p r e r e q u i s i t e for e n t r a i n m e n t to o c c u r , as the plunging j e t a c t u a l l y a c t s as a j e t e j e c t o r pump. The g e n e r a l m e c h a n i s m of e n t r a i n m e n t is one of bubble c a v i t a t i o n and c l o s u r e in the j e
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