Operative Neuromodulation Volume 1: Functional Neuroprosthetic Surge

Neuromodulation is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary biomedical and biotechnological field. The two volumes present the state-of-the-art in established and emerging applications for pain, spasticity, movement disorders, bladder and bowel dysfunction, c

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Operative Neuromodulation Volume 1: Functional Neuroprosthetic Surgery. An Introduction Edited by D.E. Sakas, B.A. Simpson, and E.S. Krames Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 97/1

SpringerWienNewYork

Damianos E. Sakas Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Brian A. Simpson University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

Elliot S. Krames Pacific Pain Treatment Centers, San Francisco, USA

Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement Vol 97/2 is available under: D. E. Sakas and B. A. Simpson (eds.) Operative Neuromodulation. Volume 2: Neural Networks Surgery ISBN 978-3-211-33080-7

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specially those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. This also refers to that on drug dosage and application thereof. In each individual case the respective user must check the accuracy of the information given by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. # 2007 Springer-Verlag=Wien Printed in Austria SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science þ Business Media springeronline.com Typesetting: Thomson Press, Chennai, India Printing and Binding: Druckerei Theiss GmbH, St. Stefan, Austria, www.theiss.at Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 1168712 Library of Congress Control Number: 2006939919

With 155 Figures (thereof 11 coloured)

ISSN 0065-1419 ISBN 978-3-211-33078-4 SpringerWienNewYork

Preface Operative Neuromodulation is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary biomedical and biotechnological field that opens new options and possibilities not only for helping patients but also for understanding the role of the nervous system in modulating all other bodily systems. Many specialties are involved and multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary for the further progress of the field. The International Neuromodulation Society (INS) exists to promote, disseminate, and to be an advocate for the science, education, best practice and accessibility of all aspects of neuromodulation. The INS is directly associated with the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS) which aims to promote the research, application, and understanding of electrical stimulation as it is utilized in the field of medicine. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) has realised the potential of the field and recently created a Neuromodulation Committee. Undoubtedly, many other neuromodulation committees will be founded in other specialties and all of them, in close collaboration with the INS, will advance neuromodulation. With this book,

we aim t