Opportunistic P2P Communications in Delay-Tolerant Rural Scenarios
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Research Article Opportunistic P2P Communications in Delay-Tolerant Rural Scenarios Marcel C. Castro,1 Laura Galluccio,2 Andreas Kassler,1 and Corrado Rametta2 1
Computer Science Department—Telematics, Karlstad University, Sweden di Ingegneria Informatica e delle Telecomunicazioni, universit´a di Catania, Italy
2 Dipartimento
Correspondence should be addressed to Laura Galluccio, [email protected] Received 16 May 2010; Revised 13 September 2010; Accepted 14 October 2010 Academic Editor: Andrew T. Campbell Copyright © 2011 Marcel C. Castro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Opportunistic networking represents a promising paradigm for support of communications, specifically in infrastructureless scenarios such as remote areas communications. In principle in opportunistic environments, we would like to make available all the applications thought for traditional wired and wireless networks like file-sharing and content distribution. In this paper, we present a delay-tolerant scenario for file sharing applications in rural areas, where an opportunistic approach is exploited. In order to support communications, we compare two peer-to-peer (P2P) schemes initially conceived for wireless networks and prove their applicability and usefulness to a DTN scenario, where replication of resources can be used to improve the lookup performance and the network can be occasionally connected by means of a data mule. Simulation results show the suitability of the schemes and allow to derive interesting design guidelines on the convenience and applicability of such approaches.
1. Introduction Opportunistic networking has attracted the interest of researchers in the last years. The use of this paradigm becomes critical in challenging scenarios like satellite applications and rural communications in emerging countries like India or Africa, where the lack of an infrastructure makes communications almost impossible. Delay-tolerant (DTN) communications are thus the natural choice for a networking paradigm where nodes can be disconnected from the Internet for the majority of the time and exchange of data can take very long time. DTN communications have been usually considered in the perspective of supporting data delivery, for example in sensor applications, where data mules are introduced with the purpose of collecting the data monitored by remote devices and delivering them to a collection center [1]. In emerging countries numerous projects aimed at rural poverty alleviation have been proposed. For example the Sustainable Access in Rural India (SARI) program [2], inaugurated in 2001, consists of disseminating more than 80 rural Internet kiosks distributed in the Madurai area of Tamil Nadu in India. However, not all villages can be
served by these kiosks and thus, in parallel, exploiting an opportunistic approach, the Computers on Wheels (COW) pro
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