Optical Properties of Hyperosmotic Agents for Immersion Clearing of Tissues in Terahertz Spectroscopy
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IR, AND TERAHERTZ OPTICS
Optical Properties of Hyperosmotic Agents for Immersion Clearing of Tissues in Terahertz Spectroscopy G. R. Musinaa, b, *, A. A. Gavdusha, b, N. V. Chernomyrdina, b, I. N. Dolganovab, c, V. E. Ulitkoc, O. P. Cherkasovad, e, V. N. Kurlovc, G. A. Komandina, I. V. Zhivotovskiib, V. V. Tuchine, f, g, and K. I. Zaytseva, b aProkhorov
General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 105005 Russia c Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia d Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia eNational Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia fSaratov State University, Saratov, 410012 Russia gInstitute of Precision Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, 410028 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] b
Received February 18, 2020; revised March 3, 2020; accepted March 28, 2020
Abstract—We measured the transmission spectra of the most common hyperosmotic agents, such as pure glycerol, propylene glycol (PG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights of 200, 300, 400, and 600 Da, their aqueous solutions, and aqueous solutions of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and dextran 40 and 70. The experiments were carried out using a THz pulsed spectrometer with an evacuated measuring compartment to eliminate the effect of water vapor on spectral measurements. We reconstructed the dielectric characteristics of hyperosmotic agents in the spectral range from 0.1 to 2.5 THz and plotted a dependence of the amplitude absorption coefficient on the concentration of the considered agents at a frequency of 0.5 THz. The results are useful for selecting optimal agents for immersion optical clearing in the THz range. Keywords: terahertz technologies, terahertz pulsed spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, immersion optical clearing, clearing agents, dehydrating agents DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X20070279
INTRODUCTION The field of application of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is continuously expanding; it is used in systems for nondestructive testing of materials [1, 2], safety assurance [3], quality assessment of chemical and pharmaceutical products [4], etc. The capabilities of THz technologies attract more and more attention in biomedicine [5], where they become the basis for the creation of new methods for diagnosing malignant formations of the skin [6–8], mammary gland [9], intestines [10], or brain [11–14]. Despite the progress achieved, some issues related to the effective generation and detection of THz radiation remain unresolved [15], in particular, • high cost and bulkiness of the THz equipment [16]; • absence of both waveguides and fibers for delivering terahertz radiation to hard-to-reach organs and tissues [17–19];
• the low spatial resolution of THz optical systems due to the diffraction limit and high radiation wavelength [20–22]; • small depth of penetration o
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