Optimal attack strategy selection of an autonomous cyber-physical micro-grid based on attack-defense game model
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimal attack strategy selection of an autonomous cyber‑physical micro‑grid based on attack‑defense game model Xiao‑Peng Ji1 · Wen Tian2 · Weiwei Liu2 · Guangjie Liu1 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The security of cyber-physical systems (CPS) has become an active research area in recent years. Autonomous micro-grid, an important component of smart grid and essentially a cyber-physical system, extends the attack surface and undermines system security. This paper proposes a game-theoretic approach to describe the plausible attack-defense dynamics for autonomous micro-grid. The game is a kind of two-player, one shot, non-cooperative, and Zero-sum game, where the goal of attackers in this game is to gain the maximum payoff under a certain cost. The behavior of attackers includes two steps, intrusion and disruption, whereas the defenders can improve their defense performance by updation or reinforcement of cyber component. The optimal strategy of attackers is deduced based on the dynamic model. Finally, the case studies validate the proposed method and demonstrate its feasibility. Keywords Cyber-physical system · Autonomous micro-grid · Attack-defense dynamic model · Game theory
1 Introduction With the deep integration of information, communication, control, computing technology and the traditional power grid, smart grid, as a critical infrastructure which essentially is a cyber-physical system (CPS) (Johansson and Hassel 2012), comes into being and has been greatly developed in the past decades (Gu et al. 2015). Smart metering, wireless connectivity, and integration with other infrastructures offer flexible control and easy management for the power grid. Despite the high-level autonomous system brings the convenience to power grid operation, it also opens the door to cyber security threats (Maamar and Benahmed 2019; Wang and Lu 2013; Farraj et al. 2016; Robinson et al. 2015). This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (U1836104, 61702235), and in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 30918012204. * Xiao‑Peng Ji [email protected] 1
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2
Autonomous micro-grid is an important component of smart grid for continuous, reliable and sustainable power supply in some areas with no access of public grid, and becomes the main target of cyber-attacks. Although the remote access to power grid has been strictly constrained, there still exits the vulnerabilities (Yan et al. 2017), which become the weak parts for cyber attack (Tian et al. 2019). The operation of cyber-attacks can be divided into two types, stealing data from components and disrupting the components. The cyber-attacks in micro-grid are
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