Optimal Design of Fractional Order 2DOF-PID Controller for Frequency Control in Interconnected System
Due to increasing load demand in interconnected system, load frequency control (LFC) is implemented to maintain power quality in terms of frequency regulation. In this work, fractional order two degree of freedom PID (2DOF-FOPID) controller is implemented
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Abstract Due to increasing load demand in interconnected system, load frequency control (LFC) is implemented to maintain power quality in terms of frequency regulation. In this work, fractional order two degree of freedom PID (2DOF-FOPID) controller is implemented in a unified power system to regulate frequency abnormality due to abrupt load variation. The examined system includes a geothermal power plant (GTPP), conventional steam power plant (SPP), and dish-sterling solar thermal system (DSTS) in each control area. Considering ITAE as fitness function, grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is utilized to find the finest gains of 2DOF-FOPID controllers during abrupt load perturbation (0.05 p.u.) in control area 2. With consideration of system response evaluative factors (undershoots, settling time, and overshoots), the supremacy of the 2DOF-FOPID controller is established over 2DOF-PID controller and PID controller. By amplifying the load conditions of the control area 2, the robustness of the 2DOF-FOPID controllers is verified. Keywords Fractional order controller · Grasshopper optimization algorithm · 2DOF-PID controller · Load frequency control
1 Introduction In unified power system, it is an essential factor to have a proper balance between demand and generation in order to maintain constant frequency. To avoid loss of synchronization, it is required to have constant frequency in unified system. LFC serves a prime role in this context. In order to control the frequency to its required value, LFC is used and it supports in transforming the power in the planned value. S. Tripathy (B) · M. K. Debnath · S. K. Kar ITER, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India e-mail: [email protected] M. K. Debnath e-mail: [email protected] S. K. Kar e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 R. Sharma et al. (eds.), Green Technology for Smart City and Society, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 151, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8218-9_2
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Proper balance must be maintained between the generated power in total with the amount of load demanded in a specified region so that operating of the power plants which are interconnected between each other shall be proper [1, 2]. Over few past years, various literature reviews are carried out on this concerned area and many researchers recommended different methodologies to overcome LFC issues. Multiple control strategies have been conveyed in article [3] regarding automatic generation control in unified system. Conventional controllers tuned by bacteria foraging technique were applied to solve LFC in paper [4]. A novel decentralized control scheme [5] was developed to solve LFC in multi-area unified system. Reheat turbine-type thermal system was included by many researchers for frequency regulation in unified system like hydro-thermal [6] and thermal-thermal [7]-type power system. Due to simple and ro
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