Optimal Task Assignment for UAV Swarm Operations in Hostile Environments
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Optimal Task Assignment for UAV Swarm Operations in Hostile Environments Jongyun Kim1 · Hyondong Oh1
· Beomyeol Yu2 · Seungkeun Kim2
Received: 1 January 2020 / Revised: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © The Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 2020
Abstract This paper proposes the engagement model and optimal task assignment algorithm for small-UAV swarm operations in hostile maritime environments. To alleviate the complexity of a real engagement environment, several assumptions are made: in the proposed engagement model, a vessel can attack the UAV within a certain range with a constant kill probability rate; and the ability of a vessel to attack UAVs is reduced if the multiple UAVs are involved. The objective function for optimal task assignment is constructed from the engagement model which estimates the total damage to vessels as the engagement outcome. Considering computational time and non-convex nature of the optimization problem, a heuristic approach, SL-PSO (social-learning particle swarm optimization), is adopted to maximize the objective function. In particular, a modified SLPSO approach is introduced to deal with the optimization problem in a discrete domain. Numerical simulation results for two scenarios are presented to analyze the characteristics of the proposed engagement model and the performance of the optimal task assignment algorithm in the given environment.
1 Introduction Many civilian and military missions employ UAVs because of its characteristics which differ from the conventional systems such as the ability to operate anywhere anytime, reduced human risks, and better survivability in a hazardous situation. One example of military operations using UAVs could be swarm attack [1]. Swarm attack can be divided into two approaches [2]. One is ‘cloud swarm’ where particles of the swarm are gathered into a certain formation first, and then, they perform convergent attack upon the dispersed targets in many directions. The other is ‘vapor swarm’ where particles
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Hyondong Oh [email protected] Jongyun Kim [email protected] Beomyeol Yu [email protected] Seungkeun Kim [email protected]
1
School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
2
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
perform convergent attack without forming a formation during the operation. If a team of small UAVs (i.e., a swarm) attacks several targets at the same time, the targets would not be able to defend them perfectly. For swarm attack, many small UAVs are preferred instead of a few large UAVs due to the cost effectiveness and operational scalability. One possible UAV type for swarm attack would be a small-UAV loading high explosives. This type of the UAV platform is introduced in the defense industry such as hero family UAVs of UVision [3], switchblade of AeroVironment Inc. [4], and ALPAGU of STM [5]. In addition, t
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